FIGURE 5.

Quantification of perceived shift in limb position indicate the level of embodiment in the four experimental conditions (n = 10). Bars indicate the mean (± standard deviation) shift in perceived phantom limb position between the pre-trial and post-trial measurements for each of four experimental conditions. A significant shift toward the prosthesis (i.e., compared with no shift) was observed for each of the three test conditions (t-test; p < 0.0005 for motor-only, p < 0.0001 for sensory-only and closed-loop), whereas no significant shift toward the prosthesis was found for the visual fixation control condition (t-test; p = 0.47). In addition, each of the three test conditions (motor-only, sensory-only, and closed-loop) showed a greater level of embodiment compared with the visual fixation control condition (multiple comparisons; p < 0.05, p < 0.05, and p < 0.0005, respectively). No significant differences were found among the three test conditions.