Table 1. Baseline characteristics and clinicopathological information of the 47 patients who underwent salvage surgery for non-curative ESD.

Age	Range, median (years)	36–83,71
Sex	Male/Female	34/13
Tumor location	Upper/Middle/Lower	8/22/17
Tumor size	Range, median (mm)	7–49, 17
Invasion depth	M/SM1/SM2/MP/SS	5/7/32/2/1
Dominant histology	Differentiated (pap, tub1, tub2)	34
	Undifferentiated (por, sig)	12
	Unclassified (muc)	1
Indications for salvage surgery	SM2 invasion	35
	Lymphatic invasion positive	21
	Vertical margin positive	20
	Vascular invasion positive	16
	Horizontal margin positive	4
Surgical procedure	Total gastrectomy/others	3/44
Postoperative complication	Anastomotic trouble	3
	Small bowel obstruction	2
	Pancreatic fistula	2
Long-term outcome in median	Cancer recurrence	0
follow-up of 4 years	Death (cause)	2 (pneumonia)