Fig 4. Ameliorative effects of the administration of Ziziphus spina-christi leaf extract (ZLE) on the mRNA levels of α-SMA and TGF-β gene in the liver of CD-1 Swiss mice infected with S. mansoni.

After 56 days, liver homogenates were prepared to assayed α-SMA (A) and TGF-β (B) genes expression using RT-PCR method. Results (mean ± SD of three independent assays) were normalized to the GAPDH mRNA level and are shown as fold induction relative to the mRNA level in the control. ^ap<0.05, significant change with respect to the Control group; ^bp<0.05, significant change with respect to the Infected group using Duncan's post hoc test.