Table 1.

Demographic and clinical characteristics of cases and controls.

Variable	Cases		Controls		p value
	N	Percent	N	Percent
All subjects	1,200	100.0	2,434	100.0
Hospital	674	56.2	1,352	55.6	0.98
Chris Hani- Baragwanath Hospital
King Edward VIII Hospital	186	15.5	378	15.5
Groote Schuur Hospital	128	10.7	261	10.7
Mowbray Maternity Hospital	212	17.7	443	18.2
Age Category	9	0.8	17	0.7	0.67
Missing
18–19	99	8.3	167	6.9
20–24	327	27.3	646	26.6
25–29	333	27.8	678	27.8
30–34	252	21.0	541	22.2
35–39	127	10.6	268	11.0
40+	53	4.4	117	4.8
Race	9	0.8	23	0.9	0.95
Missing
Black	987	82.3	1,980	81.3
White	4	0.3	9	0.4
Colored	189	15.8	399	16.4
Asian	10	0.8	19	0.8
Other	1	0.1	4	0.2
Prenatal Care (booking status)	1,078	89.8	2,368	97.3	<0.0001
Booked
Unbooked	122	10.2	66	2.7
Type of Delivery	1	0.1	8	0.3	0.11
Missing
C-Section	557	46.4	1,195	49.1
Vaginal	642	53.5	1,231	50.6