TABLE III.
Statistical outcomes for each mixed-effects regression model. Effect sizes and interpretations are placed for significant predictors only. Note: Coef. = Coefficient; SE = standard error; SPL = sound pressure level; L/H = low-to-high; HNR = harmonics-to-noise-ratio; SD = standard deviation; RFF = relative fundamental frequency; fo = fundamental frequency; CPP = cepstral peak prominence.
| Model | Acoustic measure | Coef. | SE Coef. | t-value | p-value | Effect Size (ηp2) | Effect Size Interpretation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Speaker | Mean SPL | 6.76 | 0.79 | 8.59 | <0.001 | 0.36 | Large |
| L/H Ratio | −2.21 | 0.61 | −3.64 | <0.001 | 0.09 | Medium | |
| HNR | −2.80 | 0.79 | −3.54 | 0.001 | 0.08 | Medium | |
| L/H SD | −1.98 | 0.88 | −2.25 | 0.026 | – | – | |
| RFF Offset Cycle 1 | −2.02 | 1.53 | −1.32 | 0.188 | – | – | |
| Mean fo | 1.51 | 1.26 | 1.20 | 0.231 | – | – | |
| CPP | 2.45 | 2.20 | 1.12 | 0.267 | – | – | |
| RFF Offset Cycle 10 | 1.76 | 1.90 | 0.93 | 0.355 | – | – | |
| Listener | Mean SPL | 4.27 | 0.56 | 7.64 | <0.001 | 0.31 | Large |
| HNR | −2.66 | 0.56 | −4.73 | <0.001 | 0.15 | Medium | |
| L/H Ratio | −1.62 | 0.43 | −3.76 | <0.001 | 0.09 | Medium | |
| Mean fo | 2.22 | 0.89 | 2.49 | 0.014 | 0.05 | Small | |
| RFF Offset Cycle 10 | −3.29 | 1.35 | −2.44 | 0.016 | 0.04 | Small | |
| L/H SD | 1.25 | 0.63 | 2.00 | 0.048 | – | – | |
| CPP | −2.97 | 1.56 | −1.91 | 0.059 | – | – | |
| RFF Onset Cycle 1 | −1.06 | 1.08 | −0.98 | 0.330 | – | – |