Table 1.

Characteristics of the eight trials included in the meta-analysis

	ABCD [17]	ADVANCE-AdRem [16]	DEMAND [18]	Steno-2 [19]	UKPDS/HDS [14]	ACCORD eye [9]	DIRECT Protect2 [13]	ACCORDION eye [15]
Age (years) mean	59	66	61	55	56	61	57	61
Country	USA	14 countries	Italy and Slovenia	Denmark	UK	USA and Canada	30 countries	USA and Canada
Started years (follow-up)	1991 (4.7)	2002 (4.1)	2002 (3.8)	1992 (3.8)	1987 (9.3)	2001 (4)	2001 (4.7)	2003(8)
Female	220 (46%)	484 (39%)	90 (35%)	39 (26%)	516 (45%)	(46%)	952 (50%)	493 (38%)
Prior cardiovascular disease	115 (24%)					(46%)	99 (5.2%)	361 (27.6%)
Duration of diabetes (years)	9	6	6	5.8	2.6	10	8.8	9.9 (6.8)
Hemoglobin A1C  %	11.6	7.4	6.2	8.6	6.9	8.3	8.2	8.2 (1.0)
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	136	143	147	148	160	138	133	133 (16)
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	84	79	88	86	94	76	78	74 (10)
Body mass index (BMI)	31.5	27.7	29.6	29.6	29.6	32.4	29.4	32 (5.4)
Intensive or standard treatment (placebo)	Intensive (10 mmHg below the baseline DBP) vs. moderate (80 to 89 mmHg) DBP control	≤ 140/80 mmHg	Target BP was 120/80 mmHg	SBP < 130 and DBP < 80 mmHg	BP < 150/85 vs. < 180/105 mmHg	SBP (< 120 vs. 140 mmHg)	BP ≤ 130/85 mmHg	SBP (< 120 vs. 140 mmHg)