Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2018 Sep 25;9:1018. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01018

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

Copyright © 2018 Tee, Peng, Tan, Yu and Ho.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

PMC Copyright notice

Schematic diagram of TGF-β pathway inhibited by MgIG. TGF-β binds and activates the ligand-activated TGFBR, thereby activating the ERK pathway. This process results in the phosphorylation of downstream SMAD2/3, which subsequently binds to SMAD4 before translocating into the nucleus. Together with multiple transcription factors, the SMAD2/3 and SMAD4 complex triggers the transcription of DNA. However, in the presence of MgIG, the phosphorylation of ERK as well as the binding of SMAD proteins are abolished, thereby leading to a decrease in transcriptional activity induced by the SMAD proteins.