Table 1.
Identification of wine and velum yeast by different molecular techniques (5,8S PCR and 26S DGGE).
| Wine estates | Sample wine velum | PCR ITS 5,8S | DGGE 26S |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | W1AF | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | |
| W1 | Zygosaccharomyces bailii | ||
| Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Ascomycota | ||
| Debaryomyces carsonii | Kregervanrija fluxuum | ||
| Zygosaccharomyces lentus | Debaryomyces sp. | ||
| Kregervanrija fluxuum | |||
| A | W2AF | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | |
| W2 | Pichia membranefaciens | / | |
| Saccharomyces cerevisiae | |||
| Dekkera bruxellensis | |||
| A | W3AF | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | |
| W3 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Pichia membranefaciens | |
| Pichia membranefaciens | |||
| Dekkera bruxellensis | |||
| A | V4 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | / |
| A | V5 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| A | V6 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | / |
| A | V7 | NC | / |
| A | V8 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| A | V9 | NC | / |
| A | V10 | NC | / |
| A | V11 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | / |
| A | V12 | Zygosaccharomyces lentus | Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| Saccharomyces cerevisiae | |||
| A | V13 | NC | Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| A | V14 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | / |
| A | V15 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | / |
| A | V16 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | / |
| A | V17 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| B | W18AF | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | |
| W18 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | |
| Dekkera bruxellensis | Dekkera bruxellensis | ||
| B | V19 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| B | V20 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | / |
| B | V21 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Ascomycota∗ |
| B | V22 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Ascomycota∗ |
| B | V23 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Ascomycota∗ |
| B | V24 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | / |
| B | V25 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | / |
| B | V26 | Candida fermenticarens | |
| Pichia anomala | Pichia anomala | ||
| Pichia farinosa | Pichia farinosa | ||
| Metschnikowia pulcherrima | Candida fermenticarens | ||
| Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Ascomycota∗ | ||
| B | V27 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| B | V28 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| B | V29 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | / |
| B | V30 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| B | V31 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| B | V32 | NC | / |
| B | V33 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | / |
| B | V34 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| B | V35 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Dekkera bruxellensis |
| Dekkera bruxellensis | |||
| B | V36 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| B | V37 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| Dekkera bruxellensis | Dekkera bruxellensis | ||
| B | V38 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| B | V39 | NC | Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| B | V40 | NC | Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| B | V41 | NC | Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
WAF: strains isolated in wine at the end of the alcoholic fermentation. W: strain isolated in the wine at the beginning of the biological aging process. V: strain isolated in the velum. NC: not cultivable. ∗Ascomycota: Unidentifiable yeast, 100% similar by blast for V21-V22-V23-V26-W1 26S ribosomial RNA gene.