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. 2018 Sep 25;9:1338. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01338

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Copyright © 2018 Niizeki and Saitoh.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Phase coupling analyses for male and female subjects of different ages. (A) 22-year-old man, (B) 23-year-old woman, (C) 62-year-old man, and (D) 61 year-old woman. Profiles of the EEG δ-wave and phase coherence (λ) for the whole night are shown, together with their respective autocorrelation function (ACF) and cross-correlation function (CCF) between these two signals. Blue and red curves in the ACF panel indicate ACF for the δ-wave and λ, respectively. Depicted in the gray and blue in δ-wave panel show an extracted δ-wave and its envelope, respectively. Computed λ from 20-s windows shows in gray line and the red indicates general trend obtained by applying a median filter (2-min moving window).