Table 2. Comparison of the general clinical data amongst the three groups.
| Index | Control group (n=125) | COPD/PH− group (n=205) | COPD/PH+ group (n=134) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 63.8 ± 5.3 (49, 76) | 64.2 ± 4.8 (45, 77) | 64.5 ± 5.2 (45, 77) | 0.597 |
| Gender [male, n (%)] | 68 (54.4%) | 112 (54.6%) | 81 (60.4%) | 0.291 |
| Course (years) | – | 16.1 ± 5.8 (2, 27) | 16.4 ± 5.5 (5, 27) | 0.635 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.8 ± 2.4 (18.9, 26.1) | 22.5 ± 2.4 (16.7, 27.5) | 22.4 ± 2.5 (17.8, 27.3) | 0.490 |
| Smoking (pack/year) | 31.6 ± 3.7 (24, 38) | 32.4 ± 4.1 (23, 39) | 32.0 ± 4.1 (23, 39) | 0.221 |
| FEV1/predicted value (%) | 80.8 ± 12.4 (53, 96) | 43.5 ± 4.7 (32, 63) | 43.6 ± 5.1 (30, 65) | <0.001 |
| FEV1/FVC (%) | 73.5 ± 13.4 (56, 86) | 55.6 ± 11.4 (43, 72) | 53.5 ± 12.1 (40, 76) | <0.001 |
| FVC (%) | 82.1 ± 20.4 (65, 97) | 49.2 ± 17.5 (32, 61) | 40.5 ± 16.7 (26, 58) | <0.001 |
| PaO2 (mmHg) | 88.0 ± 6.1 (76.5, 98.5) | 62.6 ± 8.3 (54.2, 73.6) | 54.5 ± 4.0 (51.2, 59.7) | <0.001 |
| PaCO2 (mmHg) | 44.2 ± 4.2 (36.8, 52.3) | 60.8 ± 7.6 (51.2, 66.7) | 66.4 ± 7.6 (58.4, 72.4) | <0.001 |
| SpO2 decreased by 3% during exercise | 27 (21.6%) | 123 (48.3%) | 105 (85.1%) | <0.001 |
| D-dimer (μg/l) | 307.5 ± 205.4 (102.5, 495.4) | 498.4 ± 207.6 (208.6, 603.7) | 651.7 ± 325.6 (422.8, 982.7) | <0.001 |
| 6MWT/m | 413.8 ± 45.3 (375.8, 462.1) | 312.6 ± 39.8 (264.4, 345.7) | 250.5 ± 36.5 (214.5, 295.6) | <0.001 |
| DLCO/% | 88.5 ± 12.3 (70.5, 95.8) | 56.5 ± 7.8 (44.8, 72.3) | 55.7 ± 7.6 (45.4, 69.8) | <0.001 |
| mPAP/mmHg | 20.1 ± 2.5 (17.9, 23.1) | 23.5 ± 2.7 (19.2, 24.9) | 36.7 ± 5.7 (31.6, 43.8) | <0.001 |
| Pulmonary vascular resistance (WU) | 1.1 ± 0.3 (0.9, 1.4) | 2.4 ± 0.5 (2.2, 2.7) | 4.6 ± 0.7 (4.2, 4.9) | <0.001 |
| Cardiac output (l/min) | 5.9 ± 1.1 (5.1, 6.8) | 6.5 ± 1.2 (5.7, 7.6) | 6.1 ± 1.4 (5.5, 7.7) | 0.764 |
| Cardiac index (l/min/m2) | 2.5 ± 0.9 (2.0, 3.9) | 3.7 ± 1.4 (2.9, 4.9) | 3.4 ± 1.6 (2.7, 5.3) | 0.217 |
| GFR (ml/min × 1.73 m2) | 87.6 ± 4.1 (48.4, 102.3) | 78.5 ± 3.6 (45.5, 99.6) | 62.5 ± 3.1 (37.1, 81.4) | 0.007 |
| RBF (ml/min × 1.73 m2) | 1054.6 ± 65.2 (706.9, 135.4) | 851.2 ± 42.3 (760.1, 991.3) | 653.8 ± 33.9 (583.4, 701.4) | <0.001 |
FVC (minimum, maximum). Abbreviations: GFR, glomerular filtration rate; 6MWT, 6 min walking tests; RBF, renal blood flow.