Table I.

Materials used in the study

Product, manufacturer	Description	Composition
Filtek™ Supreme Ultra Universal, 3M™ ESPE™	Conventional nanohybrid resin-based dental composite	Bisphenol-A diglycidyl ether dimethacrylate, urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA), triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), and bisphenol A polyethylene glycol diether dimethacrylate (6) resins. The filler is a combination of silica filler and zirconia filler
Filtek™ Bulk Fill Flowable Restorative, 3M™ ESPE™	A single-component, light curing adhesive that can be used in self-etch or total-etch procedures	UDMA, bisEMA (6), and Procrylat resins. The fillers are a combination of zirconia/silica
SureFil® SDR® flow Posterior Bulk Fill Flowable, DENTSPLY Caulk	One-component, fluoride-containing, visible light cured, radiopaque resin composite restorative material has handling characteristics typical of a “flowable” composite	Modified UDMA, ethoxylated ethoxylated Bisphenol A dimethacrylate, and TEGDMA, resins. The filler is a combination of Barium-alumino-fluoro-borosilicate glass and strontium alumino-fluoro-silicate glass
Peak® Universal Bond, Ultradent Products, Inc.	A single syringe-delivered light-cured adhesive resin with chlorhexidine (0.2%)	Ethyl alcohol, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate