Table 5.
Factors associated with positive imaging (MRI-SIJ+ and/or X-SIJ+) in patients with certain diagnosis of axial spondyloarthritis (level of confidence ≥ 7/10)
| Independent variables | Univariable analysis N = 289a |
Multivariable model N = 289a |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | |
| Male gender | 2.0 (1.2, 3.3) | 0.007 | 1.8 (1.0, 3.1) | 0.05 |
| Age at CBP onset | 1.0 (0.9, 1.0) | 0.04 | 1.0 (0.9, 1.0) | 0.052 |
| HLA-B27+ | 2.0 (1.2, 3.4) | 0.01 | 1.8 (1.0, 3.3) | 0.04 |
| Positive family history of SpAb | 0.4 (0.3, 0.7) | 0.002 | 0.4 (0.2, 0.7) | 0.001 |
| Elevated CRP/ESR | 1.6 (1.0, 2.7) | 0.06 | 1.5 (0.9, 2.7) | 0.1 |
| Smoking (N=284c) | 1.1 (0.8, 1.6) | 0.4 | NI | - |
Data presented as odds ratio (95% confidence interval). Bold data indicate significant results
MRI-SIJ magnetic resonance imaging of sacroiliac joints, X-SIJ plain radiograph of of sacroiliac joints, CBP chronic back pain, HLA human leukocyte antigen, SpA spondyloarthritis, CRP C-reactive protein, ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate, NI not included in multivariable model because p > 0.1 at univariate analysis and no confounder
aNumber of patients with complete data on all variables
bFamily history of spondyloarthritis according to the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society includes family history in first or second-degree relatives of ankylosing spondylitis, uveitis, reactive arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, or psoriasis
cSmoking data unavailable in five additional patients