Table 1.
Key trials of single triple inhaler ICS/LABA/LAMA vs dual inhalers as either ICS/LABA or LABA/LAMA
| Study | Treatments | Exacerbation rate/year | Difference/year | % difference | Time to treat (years) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IMPACT* | ICS/LABA/LAMA (n=4,151) vs ICS/LABA (n=4,134) | 0.91 vs 1.07 | 0.16 | 15 | 6.25 |
| IMPACT* | ICS/LABA/LAMA (n=4,151) vs LABA/LAMA (n=2,070) | 0.91 vs 1.21 | 0.30 | 25 | 3.33 |
| IMPACT* | ICS/LABA (n=4,134) vs LABA/LAMA (n=2,070) | 1.07 vs 1.21 | 0.14 | 12 | 7.14 |
| TRIBUTE* | ICS/LABA/LAMA (n=764) vs LAMA/LABA (n=768) | 0.50 vs 0.59 | 0.09 | 15 | 11.11 |
| TRILOGY | ICS/LABA/LAMA (n=687) vs ICS/LABA (n=680) | 0.41 vs 0.53 | 0.12 | 23 | 8.33 |
| FULFIL | ICS/LABA/LAMA (n=911) vs ICS/LABA (n=899) | 0.22 vs 0.34 | 0.12 | 35 | 8.33 |
| KRONOS | ICS/LABA/LAMA (640) vs LABA/LAMA (627) | 0.46 vs 0.95 | 0.49 | 52 | 2.04 |
| KRONOS | ICS/LABA/LAMA (640) vs ICS/LABA (316) | 0.46 vs 0.56 | 0.10 | 18 | 10.0 |
| KRONOS | ICS/LABA (316) vs LABA/LAMA (637) | 0.56 vs 0.95 | 0.39 | 41 | 2.56 |
Notes: Data for each trial are shown as number of patients, moderate–severe exacerbation rate, absolute difference, percent relative reduction and time to treat (ie, number of years on treatment required to reduce one exacerbation in an average patient). Key trials include: IMPACT,2 TRIBUTE,3 FULFIL,13 TRILOGY,15 KRONOS.26 Asterisk denotes exacerbations were the primary end point.
Abbreviations: ICS, inhaled corticosteroid; LABA, long-acting beta-agonist; LAMA, long-acting muscarinic antagonist.