Table 2.

Results of multivariate logistic regression investigating association between death in seven days after discharge and patient, emergency department, and visit level factors. Model 1 shows results with all patients presenting to departments included in analysis, irrespective of whether they were discharged or admitted. Model 2 includes only discharged patients. Both models control for hospital admission rate, patient comorbidities, and seasonal and temporal factors (see table C in appendix 1). Standard errors were clustered by hospital. Figures are odds ratios with 95% confidence interval and P values

Variable	Model 1: all patients, admitted and discharged (n=15 961 327)	Model 2: discharged patients only (n=10 093 678)
Patient factors
Age	1.02 (1.02 to 1.02); <0.001	1.03 (1.02 to 1.03); <0.001
Female	0.71 (0.68 to 0.74); <0.001	1.39 (0.62 to 0.67); <0.001
Non-white	0.90 (0.85 to 0.95); <0.001	0.84 (0.80 to 0.89); <0.001
Mean income* (log)	0.78 (0.73 to 0.83); <0.001	0.72 (0.68 to 0.77); <0.001
Medicaid dual eligible	1.01 (0.96 to 1.06); 0.792	1.01 (0.97 to 1.06); 0.607
Emergency department and visit factors
Visit charges (log)	0.75 (0.74 to 0.77); <0.001	1.39 (1.36 to 1.42); <0.001
Annual volume (log)	0.82 (0.79 to 0.85); <0.001	0.84 (0.81 to 0.87);<0.001
Rural location	1.10 (0.98 to 1.24); 0.10	1.07 (0.96 to 1.20);0.226

^*Based on home zip code.