The effect of Ang II on insulin synthesis and secretion in INS-1 cells. A: The abundance of insulin protein in INS-1 cells treated by Ang II at varying concentrations (0, 10, 100, and 1,000 nM). The ratio of insulin to GAPDH is shown as percent of control. B: GSIS in INS-1 cells treated with Ang II at a concentration of 10 nM, Ang II plus the MEK inhibitor PD (Ang II +PD), or Ang II plus the inhibitor of AT1R, RNH-6270 (Ang II +RNH). C: Fold of insulin secretion from low glucose (3.3 mM) to high glucose (16.7 mM) in INS-1 cells. D: GSIS in primary pancreatic islets from rat treated with Ang II at a concentration of 10 nM or Ang II plus the inhibitor of AT1R, RNH-6270 (Ang II +RNH). E: Fold of insulin secretion from low glucose (3.3 mM) to high glucose (16.7 mM) in primary pancreatic islets from rat. A graph showing the mean ± SEM (n = 3) of separate experiments for each treatment group is provided. * P < 0.05 compared with 0 (A, C, E) or compared with 3.3 mM in each group (B, D); #
P < 0.05 compared with Ang II (A, C, E).