Table 2.

Types of ‘Levodopa Phobia’ types and possible motor and non-motor complications

Types of ‘Levodopa Phobia’	Patterns of complications and clinical consequences
Complete ‘Levodopa Phobia’	Severe akinesia causing lack of mobility
	Contractures
	Respiratory tract infections
	Severe nociceptive pain
	Depression and anhedonia
	Social withdrawal and carer dependence
Poor compliance and secret rejection of levodopa use	Report of lack of any effect of levodopa inspite of apparent use
	Precipitation of unnecessary investigations for atypical ‘levodopa-resistant’ parkinsonism
	A tendency to seek multiple medical consultations owing to ‘lack of effect’ of therapy
	Possibility of development of impulse control disorders because of potential overuse of other (e.g., dopamine agonist) therapies