Table 2.
Metabolite | BWT | SD | GWKs | Maternal-fetal transfer based on human studies (yes/no) | Previous literature on cord blood/plasma in PE | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
r | p | r | p | r | p | ||||
UREA CYCLE AND CREATINE BIOSYNTHESIS | |||||||||
Urea | All | −0.444 | <0.001 | −0.29 | 0.004 | −0.419 | <0.001 | Yes51 | ↑ in umbilical cord blood of severe PE cases33 ↑ in the amniotic fluid32 |
PE | −0.428 | 0.005 | −0.218 | 0.172 | −0.426 | 0.005 | |||
Non-PE | 0.256 | 0.064 | 0.099 | 0.480 | 0.469 | <0.001 | |||
Creatine | All | −0.293 | 0.004 | −0.146 | 0.159 | −0.331 | 0.001 | Yes52 | NA |
PE | −0.169 | 0.286 | 0.041 | 0.796 | −0.247 | 0.115 | |||
Non-PE | −0.063 | 0.652 | −0.118 | 0.400 | −0.002 | 0.991 | |||
Creatinine | All | −0.26 | 0.011 | −0.193 | 0.061 | −0.193 | 0.061 | NA | ↑ in the amniotic fluid32 |
PE | −0.097 | 0.541 | 0.045 | 0.779 | −0.180 | 0.254 | |||
Non-PE | −0.058 | 0.679 | −0.112 | 0.423 | 0.531 | <0.001 | |||
Homocitrulline | All | 0.295 | 0.004 | −0.138 | 0.182 | −0.339 | 0.001 | NA | NA |
PE | −0.087 | 0.582 | 0.067 | 0.674 | −0.141 | 0.374 | |||
Non-PE | 0.123 | 0.382 | 0.063 | 0.654 | 0.040 | 0.774 | |||
Guanidinopropionate | All | −0.44 | 0.001 | −0.205 | 0.046 | −0.527 | <0.001 | NA | NA |
PE | −0.507 | 0.001 | −0.107 | 0.501 | −0.638 | <0.001 | |||
Non-PE | 0.098 | 0.485 | 0.008 | 0.957 | 0.085 | 0.543 | |||
CARNITINE, CHOLINE AND BETAINE METABOLISM | |||||||||
Trimethyllysine | All | −0.221 | 0.031 | −0.133 | 0.200 | −0.270 | 0.008 | NA | NA |
PE | −0.017 | 0.917 | 0.149 | 0.345 | −0.128 | 0.418 | |||
Non-PE | −0.169 | 0.228 | −0.217 | 0.119 | −0.158 | 0.259 | |||
γ-butyrobetaine | All | −0.413 | <0.001 | −0.183 | 0.076 | −0.508 | <0.001 | NA | NA |
PE | −0.295 | 0.058 | 0.021 | 0.896 | −0.555 | <0.001 | |||
Non-PE | −0.124 | 0.375 | −0.173 | 0.217 | 0.329 | 0.016 | |||
Carnitine | All | −0.434 | < 0.001 | −0.211 | 0.04 | −0.501 | <0.001 | Yes22,53,54 | ↑ in umbilical vein endothelial cells21 |
PE | −0.325 | 0.036 | 0.019 | 0.907 | −0.476 | 0.001 | |||
Non-PE | −0.212 | 0.128 | −0.297 | 0.031 | −0.017 | 0.902 | |||
Butyrylcarnitine | All | −0.516 | <0.001 | −0.286 | 0.005 | −0.508 | <0.001 | Yes54,55 | ↑ in umbilical vein endothelial cells21 |
PE | −0.532 | <0.001 | −0.215 | 0.171 | −0.555 | <0.001 | |||
Non-PE | 0.030 | 0.829 | −0.092 | 0.511 | 0.329 | 0.016 | |||
Octenoylcarnitine | All | −0.334 | 0.001 | −0.284 | 0.005 | −0.244 | 0.017 | Yes54,55 | ↑ in umbilical vein endothelial cells21 |
PE | −0.322 | 0.038 | −0.229 | 0.145 | −0.297 | 0.056 | |||
Non-PE | 0.006 | 0.964 | −0.125 | 0.374 | 0.374 | 0.006 | |||
Choline | All | −0.341 | 0.001 | −0.257 | 0.012 | −0.298 | 0.003 | Yes56 | NA |
PE | −0.313 | 0.044 | −0.202 | 0.199 | −0.282 | 0.071 | |||
Non-PE | 0.103 | 0.463 | −0.036 | 0.796 | 0.294 | 0.032 | |||
5-AVAB | All | −0.200 | 0.052 | −0.036 | 0.732 | −0.264 | 0.010 | NA | NA |
PE | −0.053 | 0.737 | 0.185 | 0.240 | −0.168 | 0.287 | |||
Non-PE | 0.048 | 0.734 | −0.066 | 0.637 | 0.124 | 0.374 | |||
VITAMIN B6 METABOLISM | |||||||||
4-pyridoxic acid | All | 0.266 | 0.009 | 0.217 | 0.035 | 0.309 | 0.002 | NA | NA |
PE | 0.345 | 0.025 | 0.316 | 0.041 | 0.265 | 0.090 | |||
Non-PE | −0.014 | 0.922 | 0.008 | 0.955 | 0.179 | 0.199 | |||
NICOTINAMIDE METABOLISM | |||||||||
2PY (N-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide) | All | −0.426 | <0.001 | −0.28 | 0.006 | −0.408 | <0.001 | NA | NA |
PE | −0.402 | 0.008 | −0.187 | 0.235 | −0.408 | 0.007 | |||
Non-PE | 0.125 | 0.372 | 0.008 | 0.954 | 0.286 | 0.038 | |||
POLYAMINE METABOLISM | |||||||||
Acetylputrescine | All | −0.419 | <0.001 | −0.109 | 0.291 | −0.577 | <0.001 | NA | NA |
PE | −0.426 | 0.005 | 0.022 | 0.890 | −0.627 | <0.001 | |||
Non-PE | 0.069 | 0.626 | 0.059 | 0.673 | −0.051 | 0.717 | |||
4-acetamido-butanoate | All | −0.088 | 0.397 | 0.068 | 0.510 | −0.224 | 0.029 | NA | NA |
PE | 0.171 | 0.280 | 0.366 | 0.017 | −0.027 | 0.867 | |||
Non-PE | 0.025 | 0.858 | −0.021 | 0.883 | −0.070 | 0.619 | |||
TRYPTOPHAN METABOLISM | |||||||||
Indolecarboxylic acid | All | −0.385 | <0.001 | −0.168 | 0.104 | −0.471 | <0.001 | Yes57 | NA |
PE | −0.241 | 0.124 | 0.065 | 0.682 | −0.381 | 0.013 | |||
Non-PE | 0.103 | 0.464 | 0.019 | 0.890 | 0.091 | 0.515 | |||
Indolelactic acid | All | −0.293 | 0.004 | −0.169 | 0.102 | −0.306 | 0.003 | Yes57 | NA |
PE | −0.207 | 0.188 | −0.070 | 0.662 | −0.263 | 0.093 | |||
Non-PE | 0.142 | 0.311 | 0.094 | 0.504 | 0.252 | 0.069 | |||
PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINES | |||||||||
PC (16:0/16:0) | All | −0.664 | <0.001 | −0.400 | <0.001 | −0.733 | <0.001 | NA | NA |
PE | −0.688 | <0.001 | −0.368 | 0.016 | −0.713 | <0.001 | |||
Non-PE | −0.232 | 0.094 | 0.137 | 0.327 | −0.415 | 0.002 | |||
PC (16:0/18:1) | All | −0.493 | <0.001 | −0.271 | 0.008 | −0.584 | <0.001 | NA | NA |
PE | −0.54 | <0.001 | −0.258 | 0.099 | −0.601 | <0.001 | |||
Non-PE | 0.025 | 0.854 | 0.035 | 0.806 | −0.178 | 0.201 | |||
PC (16:1/18:1) | All | −0.412 | <0.001 | −0.225 | 0.028 | −0.490 | <0.001 | NA | NA |
PE | −0.347 | 0.024 | −0.098 | 0.537 | −0.441 | 0.003 | |||
Non-PE | −0.055 | 0.697 | −0.078 | 0.581 | −0.137 | 0.327 |