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. 2018 Oct 2;8:14616. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-32804-5

Table 2.

Pearson’s correlation coefficients (r) of metabolites and birth weight (BWT), relative weight (SD) and gestational weeks (GWKs) in all study subjects, in PE and non-PE groups. SD= birth weight and height converted to standard deviation scores relative to the Finnish references58; NA= data not available.

Metabolite BWT SD GWKs Maternal-fetal transfer based on human studies (yes/no) Previous literature on cord blood/plasma in PE
r p r p r p
UREA CYCLE AND CREATINE BIOSYNTHESIS
Urea All −0.444 <0.001 −0.29 0.004 −0.419 <0.001 Yes51 ↑ in umbilical cord blood of severe PE cases33
↑ in the amniotic fluid32
PE −0.428 0.005 −0.218 0.172 −0.426 0.005
Non-PE 0.256 0.064 0.099 0.480 0.469 <0.001
Creatine All −0.293 0.004 −0.146 0.159 −0.331 0.001 Yes52 NA
PE −0.169 0.286 0.041 0.796 −0.247 0.115
Non-PE −0.063 0.652 −0.118 0.400 −0.002 0.991
Creatinine All −0.26 0.011 −0.193 0.061 −0.193 0.061 NA ↑ in the amniotic fluid32
PE −0.097 0.541 0.045 0.779 −0.180 0.254
Non-PE −0.058 0.679 −0.112 0.423 0.531 <0.001
Homocitrulline All 0.295 0.004 −0.138 0.182 −0.339 0.001 NA NA
PE −0.087 0.582 0.067 0.674 −0.141 0.374
Non-PE 0.123 0.382 0.063 0.654 0.040 0.774
Guanidinopropionate All −0.44 0.001 −0.205 0.046 −0.527 <0.001 NA NA
PE −0.507 0.001 −0.107 0.501 −0.638 <0.001
Non-PE 0.098 0.485 0.008 0.957 0.085 0.543
CARNITINE, CHOLINE AND BETAINE METABOLISM
Trimethyllysine All −0.221 0.031 −0.133 0.200 −0.270 0.008 NA NA
PE −0.017 0.917 0.149 0.345 −0.128 0.418
Non-PE −0.169 0.228 −0.217 0.119 −0.158 0.259
γ-butyrobetaine All −0.413 <0.001 −0.183 0.076 −0.508 <0.001 NA NA
PE −0.295 0.058 0.021 0.896 −0.555 <0.001
Non-PE −0.124 0.375 −0.173 0.217 0.329 0.016
Carnitine All −0.434 < 0.001 −0.211 0.04 −0.501 <0.001 Yes22,53,54 ↑ in umbilical vein endothelial cells21
PE −0.325 0.036 0.019 0.907 −0.476 0.001
Non-PE −0.212 0.128 −0.297 0.031 −0.017 0.902
Butyrylcarnitine All −0.516 <0.001 −0.286 0.005 −0.508 <0.001 Yes54,55 ↑ in umbilical vein endothelial cells21
PE −0.532 <0.001 −0.215 0.171 −0.555 <0.001
Non-PE 0.030 0.829 −0.092 0.511 0.329 0.016
Octenoylcarnitine All −0.334 0.001 −0.284 0.005 −0.244 0.017 Yes54,55 ↑ in umbilical vein endothelial cells21
PE −0.322 0.038 −0.229 0.145 −0.297 0.056
Non-PE 0.006 0.964 −0.125 0.374 0.374 0.006
Choline All −0.341 0.001 −0.257 0.012 −0.298 0.003 Yes56 NA
PE −0.313 0.044 −0.202 0.199 −0.282 0.071
Non-PE 0.103 0.463 −0.036 0.796 0.294 0.032
5-AVAB All −0.200 0.052 −0.036 0.732 −0.264 0.010 NA NA
PE −0.053 0.737 0.185 0.240 −0.168 0.287
Non-PE 0.048 0.734 −0.066 0.637 0.124 0.374
VITAMIN B6 METABOLISM
4-pyridoxic acid All 0.266 0.009 0.217 0.035 0.309 0.002 NA NA
PE 0.345 0.025 0.316 0.041 0.265 0.090
Non-PE −0.014 0.922 0.008 0.955 0.179 0.199
NICOTINAMIDE METABOLISM
2PY (N-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide) All −0.426 <0.001 −0.28 0.006 −0.408 <0.001 NA NA
PE −0.402 0.008 −0.187 0.235 −0.408 0.007
Non-PE 0.125 0.372 0.008 0.954 0.286 0.038
POLYAMINE METABOLISM
Acetylputrescine All −0.419 <0.001 −0.109 0.291 −0.577 <0.001 NA NA
PE −0.426 0.005 0.022 0.890 −0.627 <0.001
Non-PE 0.069 0.626 0.059 0.673 −0.051 0.717
4-acetamido-butanoate All −0.088 0.397 0.068 0.510 −0.224 0.029 NA NA
PE 0.171 0.280 0.366 0.017 −0.027 0.867
Non-PE 0.025 0.858 −0.021 0.883 −0.070 0.619
TRYPTOPHAN METABOLISM
Indolecarboxylic acid All −0.385 <0.001 −0.168 0.104 −0.471 <0.001 Yes57 NA
PE −0.241 0.124 0.065 0.682 −0.381 0.013
Non-PE 0.103 0.464 0.019 0.890 0.091 0.515
Indolelactic acid All −0.293 0.004 −0.169 0.102 −0.306 0.003 Yes57 NA
PE −0.207 0.188 −0.070 0.662 −0.263 0.093
Non-PE 0.142 0.311 0.094 0.504 0.252 0.069
PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINES
PC (16:0/16:0) All −0.664 <0.001 −0.400 <0.001 −0.733 <0.001 NA NA
PE −0.688 <0.001 −0.368 0.016 −0.713 <0.001
Non-PE −0.232 0.094 0.137 0.327 −0.415 0.002
PC (16:0/18:1) All −0.493 <0.001 −0.271 0.008 −0.584 <0.001 NA NA
PE −0.54 <0.001 −0.258 0.099 −0.601 <0.001
Non-PE 0.025 0.854 0.035 0.806 −0.178 0.201
PC (16:1/18:1) All −0.412 <0.001 −0.225 0.028 −0.490 <0.001 NA NA
PE −0.347 0.024 −0.098 0.537 −0.441 0.003
Non-PE −0.055 0.697 −0.078 0.581 −0.137 0.327