Table 1.
Descriptive statistics of demographic and clinical characteristics of all the people with type 2 diabetes, those with and without chronic kidney disease (CKD).
| Variables | Overall n = 31574 | With CKD n = 9386 | Without CKD n = 22188 | P-valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Socio-demographic (n, %) | ||||
| Sex (n, %) | <0.001 | |||
| Female | 15649 (49.6%) | 4882 (52.0%) | 10767 (48.5%) | |
| Male | 15925 (50.4%) | 4504 (48.0%) | 11421 (51.5%) | |
| Age (Years, mean ± SD) | 63.0 ± 10.8 | 67.0 ± 11.7 | 61.3 ± 9.9 | <0.001 |
| Education (n, %) | <0.001 | |||
| No formal education | 3993 (12.6%) | 1802 (19.2%) | 2191 (9.9%) | |
| Primary | 11754 (37.2%) | 3687 (39.3%) | 8067 (36.4%) | |
| Secondary | 14016 (44.4%) | 3447 (36.7%) | 10569 (47.6%) | |
| Tertiary | 1682 (5.3%) | 414 (4.4%) | 1268 (5.7%) | |
| Receiving CSSA (n, %) | 3018 (9.6%) | 1232 (13.1%) | 1786 (8.0%) | <0.001 |
| BMI category (n, %) | <0.001 | |||
| Underweight | 376 (1.2%) | 113 (1.2%) | 263 (1.2%) | |
| Normal | 6357 (20.1%) | 1659 (17.7%) | 4698 (21.2%) | |
| Overweight | 6723 (21.3%) | 1867 (19.9%) | 4856 (21.9%) | |
| Obese | 18073 (57.2%) | 5718 (60.9%) | 12355 (55.7%) | |
| Smoking (n, %) | 0.010 | |||
| Non-smoker | 21572 (68.3%) | 6319 (67.3%) | 15253 (68.7%) | |
| Current Smoker | 4402 (13.9%) | 1299 (13.8%) | 3103 (14.0%) | |
| Ex-smoker | 5574 (17.7%) | 1761 (18.8%) | 3813 (17.2%) | |
| Alcohol (n, %) | <0.001 | |||
| Non-drinker | 23251 (73.6%) | 7093 (75.6%) | 16158 (72.8%) | |
| Current Drinker | 1465 (4.6%) | 399 (4.3%) | 1066 (4.8%) | |
| Ex-drinker | 1751 (5.5%) | 594 (6.3%) | 1157 (5.2%) | |
| Social drinker | 4950 (15.7%) | 1243 (13.2%) | 3707 (16.7%) | |
| Clinical characteristics | ||||
| DM Duration (Years, mean ± SD) | 7.4 ± 6.4 | 8.9 ± 7.1 | 6.7 ± 5.9 | <0.001 |
| CHD (n, %) | 764 (2.4%) | 315 (3.4%) | 449 (2.0%) | <0.001 |
| Stroke (n, %) | 1302 (4.1%) | 608 (6.5%) | 694 (3.1%) | <0.001 |
| PAD (n, %) | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 299 (0.9%) | 143 (1.5%) | 156 (0.7%) | |
| Suspected | 139 (0.4%) | 48 (0.5%) | 91 (0.4%) | |
| DR Status (n, %) | <0.001 | |||
| No DR | 20276 (64.2%) | 5041 (53.7%) | 15235 (68.7%) | |
| Non-sight threatening | 6333 (20.1%) | 1990 (21.2%) | 4343 (19.6%) | |
| Sight threatening | 3131 (9.9%) | 1575 (16.8%) | 1556 (7.0%) | |
| Ungradable | 90 (0.3%) | 31 (0.3%) | 59 (0.3%) | |
| Biomedical measurements (mean ± SD) | ||||
| SBP (mmHg), n = 31559 | 131.7 ± 16.2 | 134.4 ± 17.2 | 130.5 ± 15.5 | <0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg), n = 31559 | 74.8 ± 10.2 | 74.0 ± 10.9 | 75.2 ± 9.9 | <0.001 |
| UACR (mg/mmol), n = 31574 | 6.4 ± 26.5 | 18.8 ± 46.3 | 1.2 ± 0.6 | <0.001 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2), n = 31574 | 84.1 ± 19.7 | 72.3 ± 23.1 | 89.0 ± 15.6 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol), n = 31574 | 54 ± 11 | 55 ± 13 | 53 ± 10 | <0.001 |
| (%) | 7.1 ± 1.2 | 7.2 ± 1.4 | 7.0 ± 1.1 | |
| TG (mmol/L), n = 31574 | 1.5 ± 1.0 | 1.6 ± 1.1 | 1.4 ± 0.9 | <0.001 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L), n = 31162 | 2.3 ± 0.7 | 2.3 ± 0.7 | 2.3 ± 0.7 | 0.003 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L), n = 31572 | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 1.3 ± 0.3 | <0.001 |
aP-Value of Chi-square test for categorical data and of Mann-Whitney test for continuous data.