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. 2018 Oct 2;8:14659. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-32613-w

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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BCAAem ameliorates fatigue resistance in mdx mice. In vivo muscle function was determined by an incremental treadmill exhaustion test. Exhaustion time is expressed in min (n = 10; five females and five males for each genotype). (a) In vivo endurance time is expressed in min. (b) Muscle function was evaluated in vitro by measuring the tetanic force (g/µL) of single fibres isolated from TA strips. (c) Fatigue index, defined as the decrease in tetanic force at different stimulation frequencies (from 0.03 to 0.3 Hz), is compared to the maximal tetanic force (Tf) and expressed as a percentage. Frequency 0.3 Hz; *p < 0.05 for untreated vs. BCAAem-treated mdx male mice; **p < 0.01 for untreated vs. BCAAem-treated mdx female mice. (d) All data are presented as the mean ± s.e.m. Statistical error analysis was performed by two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction.