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. 2018 Oct 2;8:14667. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-32937-7

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Boxplot of mean size of home range (km²) by sex and habitat heterogeneity for white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from 2009 to 2015 in Pennsylvania, USA for (A) 50%, (B) 70%, (C) 80%, (D) 95%, and (E) 99% isopleths representing spatial scales of study. Mean size (±SD) was by physiographic provinces: Gettysburg-Newark Lowland (GNL), Pittsburgh and Glaciated Low Plateau (LP), Appalachian Mountain (AM), and Deep Valley (DV). Generated with Rstudio (version 1.0.153, www.rstudio.com).