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. 2018 Oct 2;8:14645. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-32905-1

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Bacterial adherence and invasion assays. (A) Adherence assay. (B) Invasion assay. Strains Yb2, Yb2ΔbioF and cYb2ΔbioF were tested on duck embryo fibroblast cells. The data represent the number of bacteria bound to or invaded into duck embryo fibroblast cells in each well of a 24-well plate. The error bars represent standard deviation calculated from three independent experiments performed in triplicate (***p < 0.001).