Table 3.
Summary of effects of lifestyle interventions on gestational weight gain and postpartum weight loss.
| Systematic reviews | RCTs (n) | BMI | Participants (n) | R-AMSTAR score | % score | R-AMSTAR Ranking | Weighted mean difference | 95% CI | I2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physical activity interventions during pregnancy | GWG | ||||||||
| Streuling et al. (97) | 12 | Any BMI | 906 | 33 | 75 | C | −0.61 | −1.17 to −0.06 | 25 |
| Elliot-Sale et al. (98) | 3 | Any BMI | 214 | 28 | 64 | D | −2.22 | −3.14 to −1.30 | 0 |
| da Silva et al. (99) | 18 | Any BMI | 3,203 | 30 | 68 | D | −1.1 | −1.53 to −0.69 | 0 |
| Perales et al. (100) | 29 | Any BMI | Not reported | 16 | 36 | D | n.a. | ||
| Multi-component diet and physical activity interventions during pregnancy | GWG | ||||||||
| Muktabhant et al. (101) | 3 | Any BMI | 444 | 40 | 91 | A | −1.8 | −3.36 to −0.24 | 76 |
| Thangaratinam et al. (102) | 30 | Any BMI | 3,140§ | 41 | 93 | A | −1.40 | −2.09 to −0.71 | 80 |
| Shepherd et al. (97) | 16 | Any BMI | 5,052 | 42 | 95 | A | −0.89 | −1.39 to −0.40 | 43 |
| International Weight Management in Pregnancy Collaborative (103) | 33 | Any BMI | 11,410 | 33 | 75 | C | −0.7 | −0.92 to −0.48 | 0 |
| O'Brien et al. (104) | 4 | Any BMI | 446 | 30 | 68 | D | −1.25 | −2.39 to 0.11 | 42 |
| Lau et al. (105) | 7 | OW/OB | 1,652 | 36 | 82 | B | −0.63 | −1.07 to −0.20 | 14 |
| Choi et al. (106) | 7 | OW/OB | 721 | 30 | 68 | D | −0.91 | −1.76 to −0.06 | 8 |
| Flynn et al. (107) | 13 | OW/OB | 4,276 | 27 | 61 | D | NA | ||
| Physical activity interventions during postpartum | PPWL | ||||||||
| Elliot-Sale et al. (98) | 2 | Any BMI | 214 | 28 | 64 | D | −1.74 (p = 0.06) | −3.59 to 0.10 | 0 |
| Multi-component diet and physical activity interventions during postpartum | |||||||||
| Berger et al. (108) | 13 | Any BMI | 1,310 | 32 | 73 | C | n.a. | ||
| Nascimento et al. (109) | 11 | Any BMI | 769 | 33 | 75 | C | −2.57 | −3.66 to−1.47 | 66 |
| Lim et al. (110) | 32 | Any BMI | 1,892 | 29 | 66 | D | −2.3 | −3.22 to −1.39 | 84 |
| Lau et al. (105)‡ | 3 | OW/OB | 251 | 36 | 82 | B | −3.6 | −6.59 to −0.62 | 84 |
| Choi et al. (106) | 4 | OW/OB | 547 | 30 | 68 | D | −1.22 | −1.89 to −0.56 | 25 |
Results are presented as weighted mean difference and 95% confidence intervals. RCT, randomized controlled trial; BMI, body mass index; OW, overweight; OB, obesity; GWG, gestational weight gain; PPWL, postpartum weight loss; n.s., non-significant; n.a., not applicable (no meta-analysis).
‡
significant effect at 1-2 months postpartum only;
§
Studies on women with pre-existing diabetes or GDM were excluded for this sub-analysis (5 RCTs were excluded).