Skip to main content
. 2018 Sep 26;9:1205. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01205

FIGURE 3.

FIGURE 3

Effects of the AM18W-13a extract (18W-13a) on the LPS-induced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in RAW264 cells. The levels of (A) IL-6, (B) IL-1β, (C) TNF-α, (D) MCP-1, and (E) GM-CSF in RAW264 cells were determined. The cells were treated with the AM18W-13a extract at a concentration of 1/1000 for 24 h, while the cells in the control group were left untreated. Following treatment, the cells were activated by incubation with LPS (1 ng/ml) for 12 h. The pro-inflammatory mediators secreted thereafter were determined by ELISA with the MAGPIX xPONENT system. The values represent the mean ± SD of results obtained from experiments performed in duplicate. The mean value of the experimental result that significantly differed from that of the control LPS (–) group is indicated by ##p < 0.01. The mean value of the experimental result that significantly differed from that of the control LPS (+) group is indicated by ∗∗p < 0.01.