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. 2018 Sep 26;9:1205. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01205

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Copyright © 2018 Takahashi, Sakamaki, Ferdousi, Yoshida, Demura, Watanabe and Isoda.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effects of the AM18W-13a extract (18W-13a) on the expression of Socs1, Socs3, and Atf3 genes in RAW264 cells. The RAW264 cells were treated with the AM18W-13a extract at a concentration of 1/1000 for 3 h, while the cells in the control group were left untreated. Following treatment, the expression of (A) Socs1, (B) Socs3, and (C) Atf3 was evaluated by real-time RT-PCR. The values represent the mean ± SD of results obtained from experiments performed in triplicate. The mean value of the experimental result that significantly differed from those of the control group is indicated by asterisks (^∗p < 0.05 and ^∗∗p < 0.01).