Table 2.
Risk factors for osteoporosis in adult coeliac disease (CD) patients in multivariate logistic regression analysis.
| Odds ratio | 95% CI | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | |||
| <45 years | 1.0 | ||
| ≥45 years | 6.5 | 1.3 to 32.2 | 0.022 |
| Gender | |||
| Female | 1.0 | ||
| Male | 4.7 | 1.1 to 20.8 | 0.039 |
| Underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m2) | |||
| No | 1.0 | ||
| Yes | 7.4 | 1.3 to 42.5 | 0.025 |
| GI symptoms leading to CD diagnosis | |||
| No | 1.0 | ||
| Yes | 2.1 | 0.5 to 8.0 | 0.288 |
| Higher histological damage (Marsh 3C) | |||
| No | 1.0 | ||
| Yes | 5.8 | 1.4 to 24.1 | 0.014 |
| Menopause | |||
| No | 1.0 | ||
| Yes | 1.9 | 0.2 to 19.1 | 0.582 |
| Previous fractures | |||
| No | 1.0 | ||
| Yes | 4.1 | 0.9 to 18.7 | 0.069 |
| Elevated PTH values | |||
| No | 1.0 | ||
| Yes | 3.9 | 0.97 to 15.5 | 0.055 |
| Alcohol (>3 units daily) | |||
| No | 1.0 | ||
| Yes | 3.4 | 0.2 to 64.1 | 0.409 |
BMI: body mass index; CD: coeliac disease; CI: confidence interval; GI: gastrointestinal; PTH: parathormone.
Significant predictors are in italics.