Table 1.
The characteristics of the bladder cancer cases and healthy controls
| Variables | Case (n = 50) N (%) | Control (n = 60) N (%) | P a |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) (mean ± SD) | 67.0 ± 9.8 | 66.2 ± 10.7 | 0.694 |
| Sex | 0.876 | ||
| Male | 36 (72.0) | 44 (73.3) | |
| Female | 14 (28.0) | 16 (26.7) | |
| Smoking status | 0.935 | ||
| Never | 38 (76.0) | 46 (76.7) | |
| Ever | 12 (24.0) | 14 (23.3) | |
| Pack-years of smoking | 0.976 | ||
| 0 | 38 (76.0) | 46 (76.7) | |
| 0–20 | 3 (6.0) | 4 (6.7) | |
| > 20 | 9 (18.0) | 10 (16.6) | |
| Tumor grade | |||
| G1 | 21 (42.0) | ||
| G2 | 14 (28.0) | ||
| G3 | 15 (30.0) | ||
| Tumor stage | |||
| Superficial (pTa-pT1) | 41 (82.0) | ||
| Invasive (pT2-pT4) | 9 (18.0) | ||
| Clinical grade | |||
| I | 41 (82.0) | ||
| II | 6 (12.0) | ||
| III | 2 (4.0) | ||
| IV | 1 (2.0) | ||
aStudent’s t-test for age between cases and controls; Two-sided χ2 for other variables between cases and controls