Table 3A.
Intervention effects from linear mixed model and logistic GEE analyses of the primary outcome and secondary outcomes.
| Overall effect |
T1 |
T2 |
T3 |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Difference (95% CI) | p-value | Difference (95% CI) | p-value | Difference (95% CI) | p-value | Difference (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Primary outcome | ||||||||
| MARS-5 sum score | ||||||||
| Crudea | 0.17 (–0.29 to 0.62) | 0.472 | –0.05 (–0.59 to 0.48) | 0.851 | 0.34 (–0.20 to 0.88) | 0.220 | 0.27 (–0.30 to 0.83) | 0.354 |
| Adjustedb | 0.18 (–0.27 to 0.63) | 0.440 | –0.04 (–0.57 to 0.49) | 0.874 | 0.35 (–0.18 to 0.89) | 0.198 | 0.27 (–0.28 to 0.83) | 0.337 |
| OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | |
| MARS-5 (<25) | ||||||||
| Crude | 1.03 (0.94 to 1.13) | 0.467 | 1.04 (0.93 to 1.16) | 0.543 | 0.99 (0.88 to 1.10) | 0.812 | 1.09 (0.96 to 1.24) | 0.179 |
| Cdjusted | 1.03 (0.94 to 1.13) | 0.505 | 1.03 (0.92 to 1.16) | 0.577 | 0.98 (0.88 to 1.10) | 0.765 | 1.09 (0.96 to 1.23) | 0.190 |
| Difference (95% CI) | p-value | Difference (95% CI) | p-value | Difference (95% CI) | p-value | Difference (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Secondary outcomes | ||||||||
| SF-12 PCS | ||||||||
| Crude | –0.41 (–2.08 to 1.26) | 0.631 | –0.61 (–2.64 to 1.43) | 0.558 | –0.28 (–2.35 to 1.80) | 0.794 | –0.33 (–2.48 to 1.82) | 0.764 |
| Adjusted | –0.10 (–1.77 to 1.58) | 0.911 | –0.29 (–2.33 to 1.75) | 0.781 | 0.04 (–2.04 to 2.11) | 0.971 | –0.02 (–2.18 to 2.13) | 0.984 |
| SF-12 MCS | ||||||||
| Crude | –0.55 (–2.33 to 1.22) | 0.541 | –0.94 (–3.04 to 1.15) | 0.378 | –0.54 (–2.67 to 1.60) | 0.622 | –0.15 (–2.35 to 2.10) | 0.896 |
| Adjusted | –0.84 (–2.63 to 0.96) | 0.362 | –1.22 (–3.34 to 0.89) | 0.258 | –0.81 (–2.96 to 1.34) | 0.460 | –0.45 (–2.67 to 1.78) | 0.695 |
| BMQ Necessity | ||||||||
| Crude | 0.68 (–0.03 to 1.38) | 0.060 | 0.40 (–0.52 to 1.31) | 0.393 | 0.54 (–0.38 to 1.47) | 0.250 | 1.23 (0.25 to 2.20) | 0.013∗ |
| Adjusted | 0.70 (–0.01 to 1.42) | 0.054 | 0.43 (–0.50 to 1.35) | 0.366 | 0.57 (–0.36 to 1.51) | 0.230 | 1.25 (0.27 to 2.24) | 0.012∗ |
| BMQ Concern | ||||||||
| Crude | –0.11 (–0.88 to 0.65) | 0.773 | 0.03 (–0.87 to 0.94) | 0.944 | –0.11 (–1.02 to 0.81) | 0.818 | –0.35 (–1.30 to 0.60) | 0.465 |
| Adjusted | –0.12 (–0.90 to 0.65) | 0.755 | 0.02 (–0.89 to 0.93) | 0.963 | –0.12 (–1.04 to 0.81) | 0.804 | –0.36 (–1.32 to 0.59) | 0.455 |
| IPQ-9 Consequences | ||||||||
| Crude | –0.29 (–0.80 to 0.22) | 0.271 | –0.31 (–0.93 to 0.31) | 0.331 | –0.34 (–0.98 to 0.29) | 0.288 | –0.17 (–0.83 to 0.49) | 0.612 |
| Adjusted | –0.34 (–0.85 to 0.17) | 0.187 | –0.36 (–0.98 to 0.26) | 0.257 | –0.40 (–1.03 to 0.23) | 0.217 | –0.23 (–0.89 to 0.42) | 0.488 |
| IPQ-9 Timeline | ||||||||
| Crude | 0.28 (–0.22 to 0.77) | 0.270 | 0.23 (–0.40 to 0.86) | 0.470 | 0.31 (–0.32 to 0.94) | 0.336 | 0.29 (–0.37 to 0.96) | 0.386 |
| Adjusted | 0.27 (–0.24 to 0.77) | 0.298 | 0.22 (–0.42 to 0.86) | 0.497 | 0.30 (–0.34 to 0.94) | 0.358 | 0.29 (–0.39 to 0.96) | 0.404 |
| IPQ-9 Personal control | ||||||||
| Crude | –0.03 (–0.53 to 0.46) | 0.893 | 0.00 (–0.65 to 0.65) | 0.997 | –0.15 (–0.80 to 0.51) | 0.655 | 0.07 (–0.62 to 0.76) | 0.835 |
| Adjusted | –0.06 (–0.56 to 0.44) | 0.815 | –0.03 (–0.68 to 0.63) | 0.937 | –0.18 (–0.84 to 0.49) | 0.602 | 0.05 (–0.65 to 0.75) | 0.887 |
| IPQ-9 Treatment control | ||||||||
| Crude | 0.08 (–0.33 to 0.49) | 0.701 | 0.06 (–0.44 to 0.57) | 0.800 | 0.20 (–0.31 to 0.71) | 0.440 | –0.04 (–0.57 to 0.49) | 0.892 |
| Adjusted | 0.09 (–0.32 to 0.50) | 0.669 | 0.08 (–0.43 to 0.58) | 0.766 | 0.21 (–0.30 to 0.72) | 0.421 | –0.03 (–0.56 to 0.51) | 0.923 |
| IPQ-9 Identity | ||||||||
| Crude | –0.20 (–0.70 to 0.30) | 0.427 | –0.12 (–0.71 to 0.48) | 0.700 | –0.18 (–0.78 to 0.42) | 0.566 | –0.33 (–0.95 to 0.30) | 0.302 |
| Adjusted | –0.26 (–0.75 to 0.23) | 0.293 | –0.18 (–0.77 to 0.41) | 0.551 | –0.23 (–0.83 to 0.36) | 0.439 | –0.39 (–1.01 to 0.23) | 0.214 |
| IPQ-9 Illness concerns | ||||||||
| Crude | 0.39 (–0.17 to 0.95) | 0.174 | 0.23 (–0.43 to 0.90) | 0.497 | 0.49 (–0.18 to 1.16) | 0.154 | 0.45 (–0.24 to 1.15) | 0.202 |
| Adjusted | 0.30 (–0.26 to 0.85) | 0.296 | 0.14 (–0.52 to 0.80) | 0.681 | 0.40 (–0.27 to 1.10) | 0.245 | 0.36 (–0.34 to 1.05) | 0.312 |
| IPQ-9 Coherence | ||||||||
| Crude | 0.32 (–0.24 to 0.87) | 0.265 | 0.16 (–0.55 to 0.87) | 0.654 | 0.76 (0.04 to 1.48) | 0.040∗ | –0.01 (–0.77 to 0.75) | 0.986 |
| Adjusted | 0.34 (–0.20 to 0.89) | 0.220 | 0.19 (–0.51 to 0.90) | 0.591 | 0.78 (0.06 to 1.49) | 0.034∗ | 0.03 (–0.72 to 0.79) | 0.929 |
| IPQ-9 Emotional representation | ||||||||
| Crude | –0.09 (–0.58 to 0.40) | 0.717 | –0.17 (–0.77 to 0.44) | 0.587 | –0.26 (–0.87 to 0.35) | 0.406 | 0.24 (–0.39 to 0.88) | 0.454 |
| Adjusted | –0.12 (–0.61 to 0.37) | 0.620 | –0.20 (–0.81 to 0.40) | 0.511 | –0.29 (–0.91 to 0.32) | 0.347 | 0.22 (–0.42 to 0.86) | 0.509 |
BMQ, Specific Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire; CI, confidence interval; GEE, Generalized Estimating Equation; IPQ-9, Illness Perceptions Questionnaire; MARS-5, Medication Adherence Report Scale; MCS, Mental Component Score; OR, Odds Ratio; PCS, Physical Component Score; SF-12, 12-item Short Form. aCorrected for baseline value of the particular outcome. bAdditionally corrected for MARS-5 score at baseline and possible confounders age, gender and education level. ∗Statistically significant.