Coating and modifying DNA nanostructures for biomedical applications. (A) DNA origami with lipid bilayer coating [79]. (B) DNA origami encapsulated with CCMV capsid proteins [80]. (C) DNA origami coated with BSA-dendron conjugate (top left) [84]. DNA nanocage linked to BSA (top right) [81]. DNA strands, DNA origami sheets, and tetrahedron coated with peptide-polymer conjugates (low panel) [82,83]. (D) DNA origami shapes coated by synthetic cationic polymers; PEG-PDMAEMA-, PEG-oligolysine- and PEG-polylysine-based copolymers [85,87,88]. (E) Electrotransfection of DNA origami folded with Spd3+ [86]. (A) is reproduced with permission from Ref. [79]; published by American Chemical Society 2014. (B) is reproduced with permission from Ref. [80]; copyright American Chemical Society 2014. (C) (top left) is reproduced with permission from Ref. [84]; published by John Wiley & Sons 2017. (C) (top right) is reproduced with permission from Ref. [81]; copyright American Chemical Society 2017. (C) (bottom left) is reproduced with permission from Ref. [82]; copyright American Chemical Society 2017. (C) (bottom right) is reproduced with permission from Ref. [83]; copyright American Chemical Society 2017. (D) (top left) is reproduced with permission from Ref. [87]; published by Royal Society of Chemistry 2016. (D) (bottom left) is reproduced with permission from Ref. [85]; copyright John Wiley & Sons 2017. (D) (right) is reproduced with permission from Ref. [88]; published by Nature Publishing Group. (E) is reproduced with permission from Ref. [86]; copyright American Chemical Society 2016.