Table 2.
Association between anthropometric indices and malaria outcomes
| Model | Unadjusted | Adjusted* | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | SE | P | 95% CI | aOR | SE | P | 95% CI | |
| Malaria parasitemia† | ||||||||
| HAZ | 1.05 | 0.03 | 0.07 | 1.00, 1.10 | 1.05 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 1.00, 1.10 |
| WAZ | 1.07 | 0.04 | 0.08 | 0.99, 1.15 | 1.07 | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.99, 1.15 |
| WHZ | 1.04 | 0.04 | 0.36 | 0.96, 1.12 | 1.00 | 0.04 | 0.99 | 0.93, 1.08 |
| MUAC | 1.08 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 1.01, 1.16 | 1.00 | 0.04 | 0.97 | 0.93, 1.08 |
| Clinical malaria‡ | ||||||||
| HAZ | 1.07 | 0.02 | 0.005 | 1.02, 1.11 | 1.07 | 0.02 | 0.005 | 1.02, 1.11 |
| WAZ | 1.09 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 1.01, 1.19 | 1.09 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 1.01, 1.19 |
| WHZ | 1.05 | 0.05 | 0.37 | 0.95, 1.15 | 0.99 | 0.05 | 0.90 | 0.90, 1.10 |
| MUAC | 1.15 | 0.05 | 0.001 | 1.06, 1.25 | 1.06 | 0.05 | 0.22 | 0.97, 1.16 |
| Parasite density§ | ||||||||
| HAZ | 1.02 | 0.03 | 0.61 | 0.96, 1.08 | 1.02 | 0.03 | 0.53 | 0.96, 1.08 |
| WAZ | 0.97 | 0.05 | 0.65 | 0.87, 1.09 | 0.98 | 0.06 | 0.69 | 0.87, 1.09 |
| WHZ | 0.92 | 0.05 | 0.18 | 0.82, 1.04 | 0.89 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.79, 1.00 |
| MUAC | 1.04 | 0.06 | 0.44 | 0.93, 1.17 | 0.98 | 0.06 | 0.74 | 0.87, 1.10 |
aOR = adjusted odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; HAZ = height-for-age z-score; MUAC = mid-upper arm circumference; OR = odds ratio; SE = standard error; WAZ = weight-for-age z-score; WHZ = weight-for-height z-score.
*
All models adjusted for sex and randomization arm. Models with WHZ and MUAC are also adjusted for age in months.
†
Malaria parasitemia was defined as having a positive smear according to both microscopists; discordant results were considered negative.
‡
Clinical malaria was defined as having a positive smear and an objective fever of ≥ 37.5°C.
§
Parasite density was dichotomized into high and low categories, with ≥ 5,000/μL defined as high.