Figure 1.
Signal transduction pathways that regulate BMSCs differentiation. TGF-β/BMP, Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, and Hedgehog signaling pathways are involved in the regulation of BMSC mediated osteogenesis. DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNAs regulation play a significant role in gene expression associated with osteogenic differentiation of BMSC.