Table 4.

Inequity direction in West Germany and in the United States

	West Germany			United States			Pooled
	β	Robust SE	eβ	β	Robust SE	eβ	β	Robust SE	eβ
Wife is under-benefitted	0.050	[0.373]	1.051	0.735	[0.147]***	2.085	0.849	[0.147]***	2.337
Wife is over-benefitted	−0.072	[0.327]	0.931	−0.145	[0.256]	0.865	0.029	[0.250]	1.029
West Germany (ref. US)							−0.461	[0.096]***	0.631
WG × Wife is under-benefitted							−0.381	[0.390]	0.683
WG × Wife is over-benefitted							−0.718	[0.367]	0.488
Log of marriage duration	−0.020	[0.076]	0.980	−0.161	[0.043]***	0.851	−0.152	[0.037]***	0.859
Couple’s total hours of paid work	0.006	[0.002]*	1.006	−0.003	[0.001]	0.997	−0.001	[0.001]	0.999
Couple’s total hours of housework	−0.001	[0.003]	0.999	−0.009	[0.002]***	0.991	−0.008	[0.002]***	0.992
First marriage	−0.581	[0.313]	0.559	−0.520	[0.091]***	0.595	−0.387	[0.084]***	0.679
Wife’s age at marriage	−0.079	[0.088]	0.924	−0.258	[0.051]***	0.773	−0.187	[0.044]***	0.829
Wife’s age at marriage sq.	0.001	[0.002]	1.001	0.004	[0.001]***	1.004	0.003	[0.001]**	1.003
Marriage year (0 = 1970)	0.103	[0.034]**	1.108	0.087	[0.017]***	1.091	0.084	[0.015]***	1.088
Marriage year sq.	−0.002	[0.001]*	0.998	−0.002	[0.000]***	0.998	−0.001	[0.000]***	0.999
Age difference (ref. Same age)
Wife is older	0.399	[0.155]*	1.490	0.210	[0.080]**	1.234	0.225	[0.071]**	1.252
Wife is younger	0.083	[0.126]	1.087	0.181	[0.081]*	1.198	0.120	[0.068]	1.127
Wife’s education (ref. ISCED 1–2)
ISCED 3–4	−0.112	[0.135]	0.894	0.706	[0.237]**	2.026	0.267	[0.111]*	1.306
ISCED 5–6	−0.037	[0.184]	0.964	0.449	[0.251]	1.567	0.045	[0.133]	1.046
Husband’s education (ref. ISCED 1–2)
ISCED 3–4	−0.025	[0.145]	0.975	0.074	[0.168]	1.077	0.099	[0.107]	1.104
ISCED 5–6	−0.481	[0.186]**	0.618	−0.485	[0.189]*	0.616	−0.469	[0.128]***	0.626
Number of children in the household	0.012	[0.056]	1.012	0.103	[0.026]***	1.108	0.107	[0.023]***	1.113
Constant	−3.912	[1.194]**	0.020	−0.412	[0.727]	0.662	−1.308	[0.597]*	0.270
Person-years	30,432			46,920			77,352
Couples	5,220			6,581			11,801

Note:

^*p<0.05

^**p<0.01

^***p<0.001.

Model 2 includes race as a control variable. SE = Standard error.