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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Oct 3.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Crit Care. 2016 Nov;25(6):526–534. doi: 10.4037/ajcc2016909

Table 1:

Sample characteristics

Total sample
(N = 582)		 Men
(n = 317)		 Women
(n = 265)		 Statistics
Variable Mean (SD) t P
Age, y 63.2 (14.4) 61.4(14.0) 65.4(15.7) 3.30 .001
Blood pressure, mm Hg
 Systolic 135.4(19.6) 133.0 (19.7) 138.2 (19.2) 3.24 .001
 Diastolic 78.8 (12.6) 80.2 (13.3) 77.2 (11.5) −2.91 .004
Heart rate, beats per min 81.2 (12.3) 81.4(12.2) 80.8 (12.3) −0.58 .56
Body mass indexa 31.0 (9.1) 30.2 (8.4) 32.1 (9.9) 2.47 .01
LVEF, % 40.8 (15.1) 37.2 (15.0) 45.0 (14.1) 6.41 <.001
Serum levels
 Troponin 1, ng/mL 0.7 (3.2) 0.7 (3.0) 0.7 (3.5) 0.04 .97
 Albumin, g/dL .2 (0.6) 3.2 (0.6) 3.2 (0.6) −0.34 .73
 Triglycerides, mg/dL 127.9 (90.9) 117.1 (73.4) 141.1 (106.8) 3.10 .002
 Creatinine, mg/dL 1.8 (1.6) 1.9 (1.7) 1.8 (1.6) −0.48 .63
 Sodium, mEq/L 137.1 (2.9) 136.9 (2.9) 137.5 (2.9) 2.46 .01
Hemoglobin, g/dL 11.5 (1.8) 11.8 (1.9) 11.0 (1.6) −5.75 <.001
Monocytes, x1000/uLb 0.7 (0.3) 0.7 (0.3) 0.7 (0.2) −2.88 .004
Neutrophils, x1000/uL 5.7 (2.5) 5.6 (2.5) 5.8 (2.5) 0.65 .52
No. of hospitalizationsc 3.4 (3.2) 3.3 (3.3) 3.5 (3.2) 1.05 .42
Length of stay, d 20.7 (26.3) 19.6 (24.6) 21.9 (28.3) 0.82 .29
No. of ED visitsd 1.8 (3.4) 1.6(2.7) 2.1 (4.0) 1.85 .06
No. (%) of patients x2 P
Male sex 318 (54.6) NA NA NA NA
White race 298 (51.2) 182 (57.4) 116 (43.8) 10.8 .001
Diabetes mellitus 305 (52.4) 159 (50.2) 146 (55.1) 1.4 .24
Myocardial infarction 223 (38.3) 129 (40.7) 94 (35.5) 1.7 .20
CPHD 85 (14.6) 42 (13.2) 43 (16.2) 1.0 .31
Renal disease 389 (66.8) 212 (66.9) 177 (66.8) 0.0 .98
Cerebrovascular disease 155 (26.6) 71 (22.4) 84(31.7) 6.4 .01
Cancer 145 (24.9) 86 (27.1) 59 (22.3) 1.8 .18
NYHA class ll/lll 480 (82.5) 256 (80.8) 224 (84.5) 3.4 .18
Use of ACE inhibitors 271 (46.6) 154(48.6) 117 (44.2) 1.1 .29
Use of p-blockers 367 (63.1) 201 (63.4) 166 (62.6) 0.0 .85
Use of antidepressants 241 (41.4) 136 (42.9) 105 (39.6) 0.6 .42
Symptom group 21.2 <.001
 No symptoms 256 (44.0) 160 (50.5) 96 (36.2)
 Fatigue only 173 (29.7) 97 (30.6) 76 (28.7)
 Depression only 62 (10.7) 25 (7.9) 37 (14.0)
 Both symptoms 91 (15.6) 35 (11.0) 56 (21.1)
Deathe 217 (37.3) 114(36.0) 103 (38.9) 0.5 .47

Abbreviations: ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; CPHD, chronic pulmonary heart disease; ED, emergency department; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NA, not applicable; NYHA, New York Heart Association functional class.

SI conversion factors: To convert triglycerides to mmol/L, multiply by 0.0013. To convert creatinine to μmol/L, multiply by 88.4.

a

Calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared.

b

Monocytes: men, 0.68 (0.24) vs women: 0.74 (0.29).

c

Number of hospitalizations from January 1, 2010, through December 31, 2012.

d

Number of ED visits from January 1, 2010, through December 31, 2012.

e

Number of deaths from January 1, 2010, through December 31, 2012.