Table 2. . Contrast-enhanced MRI of the brain and spine in leptomeningeal metastasis.
| Region | Solid tumor† | Lymphoma† | Leukemia† | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cytology negative (n = 40); % (n) | Cytology positive (n = 125); % (n) | Flow cytometry positive (n = 50); % (n) | Flow cytometry positive (n = 25); % (n) | ||||
| Brain | |||||||
| Total | 75 (30) | 40 (50) | 15 (8) | 16 (4) | |||
| Hydrocephalus | 10 (4) | 5 (6) | 3 (3) | 4 (1) | |||
| Nodules | 50 (20) | 35 (44) | 15 (8) | 8 (2) | |||
| ▪ Subarachnoid | 25 (10) | 10 (12) | 3 (2) | 0 | |||
| ▪ Ventricular | 10 (4) | 5 (6) | 3 (2) | 0 | |||
| ▪ Parenchymal | 50 (20) | 32 (40) | 12 (6) | 8 (2) | |||
| Pial enhancement | 50 (20) | 15 (19) | 6 (3) | 8 (2) | |||
| ▪ Focal | 40 (16) | 10 (12) | 3 (2) | 8 (2) | |||
| ▪ Diffuse | 10 (4) | 5 (6) | 3 (2) | 0 | |||
| Ependymal enhancement | 10 (4) | 5 (6) | 6 (3) | 4 (1) | |||
| Sulci enhancement | 10 (4) | 5 (6) | 3 (2) | 8 (2) | |||
| Folia enhancement | 10 (4) | 10 (12) | 3 (2) | 4 (1) | |||
| Cranial nerve enhancement | 10 (4) | 5 (6) | 3 (2) | 4 (1) | |||
| Spine | |||||||
| Total | 35 (14) | 15 (19) | 20 (10) | 12 (3) | |||
| Nodules | 25 (10) | 10 (13) | 6 (3) | 4 (1) | |||
| ▪ Subarachnoid | 20 (8) | 8 (10) | 6 (3) | 4 (1) | |||
| ▪ Parenchymal | 5 (2) | 2 (3) | 0 | 0 | |||
| Pial enhancement | 20 (8) | 10 (13) | 15 (8) | 8 (2) | |||
| ▪ Focal | 15 (6) | 8 (10) | 12 (6) | 4 (1) | |||
| ▪ Diffuse | 5 (2) | 2 (3) | 3 (2) | 4 (1) | |||
| Nerve root enhancement | 10 (4) | 10 (13) | 12 (6) | 8 (2) | |||
| Normal | |||||||
| Total | 0 | 60 (75) | 80 (40) | 84 (21) | |||
Patients with multiple metastases are counted in every subcategory.
†As shown on MRI study.