Table 3 -.
Results for CIUs/min
| Measures by Language | Pre | Post | Pre- to Post-mean | NAP | NAP-rescaled | Effect Size post-pre/SD_pre | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | |||||
| Dutch | ||||||||||
| Narrative | 23 | 24 | 17 | 22 | 25 | 42 | 21.64 SD 3.7 to 29.35 SD 10.9 | 0.78 | 0.56 | 2.08 |
| BAT Pic Desc* | 42 | 18 | 24 | 28 | 47 | 57 | 28.21 SD 12.6 to 43.94 SD 14.6 | 0.89 | 0.78 | 1.25 |
| Answering Q* | 28 | 26 | 39 | 69 | 47 | 35 | 31.37 SD 7.1 to 49.92 SD 17.2 | 0.89 | 0.78 | 2.62 |
| Q Generation** | 27 | 20 | 36 | 57 | 48 | 68 | 27.74 SD 7.7 to 57.67 SD 10.1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 3.88 |
| English | ||||||||||
| Narrative** | 25 | n/a | 13 | 34 | 30 | 41 | 18.95 SD 8.6f to 35.13 SD 5.4† | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.88 |
| BAT Pic Desc** | 15 | 25 | 13 | 50 | 39 | 50 | 17.44 SD 6.7 to 46.28 SD 6.5 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 4.31 |
| Answering Q | 30 | 24 | 25 | 27 | 27 | 61 | 26.35 SD 3.3 to 38.28 SD 19.9 | 0.78 | 0.56 | 3.67 |
| Q Generation | 38 | 61 | 29 | 40 | 38 | 72 | 42.7 SD 16.4 to 49.98 SD 19.1 | 0.78 | 0.56 | 0.45 |
| French | ||||||||||
| Narrative** | 13 | 17 | 21 | 35 | 26 | 48 | 16.81 SD 3.9 to 36.41 SD 11.0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 4.99 |
| BAT Pic Desc** | 33 | 29 | 16 | 66 | 61 | 69 | 26.28 SD 9.1 to 65.17 SD 4.0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 4.30 |
| Answering Q** | 33 | 39 | 22 | 41 | 48 | 56 | 31.19 SD 8.5 to 48.24 SD 7.6 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 2.01 |
| Q Generation** | 19 | 52 | 42 | 55 | 63 | 90 | 37.66 SD 17.2 to 69.29 SD 18.3 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.84 |
| German | ||||||||||
| Narrative | 21 | 11 | 11 | 18 | 25 | 11 | 14.44 SD 6.0 to 18.10 SD 6.7 | 0.78 | 0.56 | 0.61 |
| BAT Pic Desc* | 18 | 22 | 35 | 32 | 44 | 35 | 25.23 SD 8.8 to 37.28 SD 6.2 | 0.89 | 0.78 | 1.37 |
| Answering Q | 22 | 38 | 45 | 36 | 28 | 36 | 34.73 SD 11.8 to 33.39 SD 5.1 | 0.33 | −0.33 | −0.11 |
| Q Generation* | 23 | 15 | 21 | 22 | 24 | 33 | 19.56 SD 4.5 to 26.16 SD 6.2 | 0.89 | 0.78 | 1.47 |
| Italian | ||||||||||
| Narrative* | 11 | 12 | 18 | 22 | 14 | 30 | 13.67 SD 3.9 to 22.03 SD 7.8 | 0.89 | 0.78 | 2.16 |
| BAT Pic Desc* | 20 | 20 | 33 | 48 | 42 | 32 | 24.28 SD 7.3 to 40.42 SD 8.2 | 0.89 | 0.78 | 2.23 |
| Answering Q** | 24 | 15 | 25 | 30 | 40 | 36 | 21.61 SD 5.6 to 35.16 SD 5.0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 2.42 |
| Q Generation | 11 | 11 | 41 | 15 | 25 | 20 | 20.81 SD 17.4 to 20.04 SD 5.3 | 0.67 | 0.33 | −0.04 |
| Spanish | ||||||||||
| Narrative | 17 | 8 | 9 | 12 | 16 | 12 | 11.42 SD 5.3 to 13.30 SD 2.5 | 0.67 | 0.33 | 0.36 |
| BAT Pic Desc | 21 | 13 | 10 | 14 | 18 | 10 | 14.38 SD 5.4 to 13.85 SD 4.2 | 0.44 | −0.11 | −0.10 |
| Answering Q | 10 | 11 | 21 | 26 | 14 | 15 | 13.87 SD 6.5 to 18.63 SD 6.8 | 0.78 | 0.56 | 0.73 |
| Q Generation | 8 | 10 | 2 | 14 | 11 | 8 | 6.84 SD 4.0 to 10.73 SD 3.0 | 0.78 | 0.56 | 0.99 |
| Norwegian | ||||||||||
| Narrative | 3 | 5 | 11 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 6.56 SD 4.2 to 5.78 SD 1.2 | 0.56 | .011 | −0.19 |
| BAT Pic Desc | 8 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 8 | 8 | 6.32 SD 1.9 to 8.79 SD 1.0 | 0.78 | 0.56 | 1.33 |
| Answering Q | 5 | 10 | 7 | 14 | 5 | 7 | 9.05 SD 2.0 to 8.62 SD 4.5 | 0.44 | −0.11 | −0.21 |
| Q Generation* | 11 | 6 | 13 | 15 | 16 | 32 | 8.05 SD 4.7 to 20.72 SD 9.4 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 2.73 |
† represents two sessions rather than three.
NAP rescaled: *medium effects: .58–.84; **large or strong effects: .85–1.0
NAP: *medium effects: .79–.92; **large or strong effects: .93–1.0
Bolded items represent medium or strong effects for NAP