Table 1.
Characteristics of the Study Participants and Comparison between Prostate Cancer Patients and Benign Prostatic Diseases Patients
| Variables | Total (n=1559) | PCa Patients (n=217) |
BPD Patients (n=1342) |
P value * |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at diagnosis, n (%) | 0.156 | |||
| < 65 years | 636 (40.8) | 79 (36.4) | 557 (41.5) | |
| ≥ 65 years | 923 (59.2) | 138 (63.6) | 785 (58.5) | |
| Race, n (%) | 0.243 | |||
| Black | 171 (11.0) | 29 (13.4) | 142 (10.6) | |
| White | 1016 (65.2) | 129 (59.5) | 887 (66.1) | |
| Other | 33 (2.1) | 4 (1.8) | 29 (2.2) | |
| Unknown | 339 (21.7) | 55 (25.4) | 284 (21.2) | |
| Smoking Status, n (%) | 0.351 | |||
| Current smoker | 95 (6.1) | 14 (6.5) | 81 (6.0) | |
| Former smoker | 525 (33.7) | 67 (30.9) | 458 (34.1) | |
| Never smoke | 512 (32.8) | 66 (30.4) | 446 (33.2) | |
| Status unknown | 427 (27.4) | 70 (32.3) | 357 (26.6) | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | <0.001 | |||
| < 25.0 | 342 (21.9) | 52 (24.0) | 290 (21.6) | |
| 25.0 to < 30.0 | 182 (11.7) | 15 (6.9) | 167 (12.4) | |
| ≥ 30.0 | 265 (17.0) | 17 (7.8) | 248 (18.5) | |
| Unknown | 770 (49.4) | 133 (61.3) | 637 (47.5) | |
| PCa family history, n (%) | 0.566 § | |||
| Yes | 26 (1.7) | 2 (0.9) | 24 (1.8) | |
| No | 1533 (98.3) | 215 (99.1) | 1318 (98.2) | |
|
The most recent PSA level (ng/mL) |
||||
| Mean (SD) | 3.8 (24.7) | 17.3 (67.4) | 1.9 (5.0) | 0.002 |
| Average frequency of PSA testing per year | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 0.8 (0.5-1.0) | 1.0 (0.3-1.5) | 0.8 (0.5-1.0) | 0.011 |
| Duration from the most recent testosterone measurement to outcome diagnosis (years) | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 3.2 (3.4) | 2.6 (3.1) | 3.3 (3.4) | 0.002 |
| Disease history, n (%) | ||||
| BPD | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 1293 (82.9) | 150 (69.1) | 1143 (85.2) | |
| No | 266 (17.1) | 67 (30.9) | 199 (14.8) | |
| Hypertension | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 1157 (74.2) | 129 (59.5) | 1028 (76.6) | |
| No | 402 (25.8) | 88 (40.5) | 314 (23.4) | |
| Diabetes | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 508 (32.6) | 44 (20.3) | 464 (34.6) | |
| No | 1051 (67.4) | 173 (79.7) | 878 (65.4) | |
| History of prostate related medication, n (%) | ||||
| Testosterone supplementary therapy | 0.038 | |||
| Yes | 39 (2.5) | 1 (0.5) | 38 (2.8) | |
| No | 1520 (97.5) | 216 (99.5) | 1304 (97.2) | |
| Finasteride | 0.381 | |||
| Yes | 76 (4.9) | 8 (3.7) | 68 (5.1) | |
| No | 1483 (95.1) | 209 (96.3) | 1274 (94.9) |
Note: PCa = prostate cancer; BPD = benign prostatic diseases; PSA = prostate specific antigen; SD = standard deviation; IQR = interquartile range.
*
Chi-square test, or Student t test, or Wilcoxon rank-sum test, and
§
Fisher’s exact test.