TABLE 2.

Recommended Questions for Future Research

Prevention  How are HIV prevention messages best disseminated in nonurban settings?  What are effective and scalable strategies for delivering pre-exposure prophylaxis in nonurban settings?  How can HIV prevention, testing, and linkage to care be integrated with ongoing efforts to improve substance use treatment services in nonurban areas to combat the opioid epidemic Testing/diagnosis  Why are nonurban populations less likely to be tested for HIV?  What is the cost-effectiveness of routine testing in lower prevalence settings?  What it the role of community-based testing, such as rapid testing in pharmacies?107,108 Linkage to care  How can specific barriers to linkage to care be overcome in nonurban settings (eg, stigma, substance use, and mental health)? Retention in care  Does the gap in engagement in HIV care between nonurban and urban still exist? Is it widening or closing?  What role does migration (eg, for employment) play?  Does telemedicine improve retention in care among nonurban PLWH currently traveling to specialty clinics in urban settings? Prescribed ART  How can the adoption of novel HIV therapies be facilitated in nonurban settings? Achieved viral suppression  How do the community viral loads of nonurban and urban communities compare?  What are the measurable differences comparing nonurban and urban settings?  What are the implications of living in a nonurban setting on aging with HIV?  Can telehealth collaborative care models offer comprehensive primary care for aging PLWH in nonurban settings?