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. 2018 Oct 1;6(1):e000548. doi: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2018-000548

Table 2.

Changes in patient-reported outcomes over time*

Baseline 3 months P values change from baseline to 3 months 6 months P values change from baseline to 6 months
WHO-5
  Mean (SD) 61.94 (19.52) 62.59 (22.01) 0.429 63.83 (19.67) 0.135
HFS-W
  Median (IQR) 11 (3–20) 7 (2–16) 0.086 8 (2–18) 0.024
PAID-SF
  Median (IQR) 20 (10–35) 15 (5–30) 0.286 15 (5–30) 0.039
 DMSRQ
  Mean (SD) 32.96 (9.02) 36.62 (7.89) <0.001 36.70 (8.85) <0.001
  PSQI item 1 (hours sleep per night) 6.75 (1.49) 6.67 (1.39) 0.318 6.66 (1.39) 0.292
PSQI item 2 (trouble sleeping)
  Not at all 65 (41.90%) 46 (31.30%) 0.139 59 (41.80%) 0.382
  Less than once a week 28 (18.10%) 39 (26.50%) 35 (24.80%)
  Once or twice a week 29 (18.70%) 32 (21.80%) 23 (16.30%)
  Three times or more a week 33 (21.30%) 30 (20.40%) 24 (17%)
PSQI item 3 (global sleep quality)
  Very good 35 (22.30%) 36 (24.50%) 0.202 39 (27.50%) 0.091
  Fairly good 90 (57.30%) 86 (58.50%) 78 (54.90%)
  Pretty bad 24 (15.30%) 20 (13.60%) 21 (14.80%)
  Very bad 8 (4.90%) 5 (3.40%) 4 (2.80%)
SDSCA
  6 days or less 28 (18.70%) 20 (13.50%) 0.224 22 (15.60%) 0.531
  7 days 122 (81.30%) 128 (86.50%) 119 (84.40%)

*Scores based on the original (non-imputed) data. P values based on imputed data for WHO-5, HFS-W, PAID-SF, and DMSRQ. For dichotomous or categorical variables, the absolute numbers by subgroups and the valid percentages relative to the study population without missing values for the regarding variables are displayed. For normally distributed variables, the mean and SD are shown. For skewed variables (PAID-SF and HFS-W), the median and the 25th and 75th percentiles are shown.

DMSRQ, Diabetes Medication System Rating Questionnaire; HFS-W, worry subscale of the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey; PAID-SF, short form of the Dutch version of the Problem Areas In Diabetes Scale; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; SDSCA, Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities; WHO-5, WHO-5 Well-Being Index.