Table 2.

Changes in patient-reported outcomes over time*

	Baseline	3 months	P values change from baseline to 3 months	6 months	P values change from baseline to 6 months
WHO-5
Mean (SD)	61.94 (19.52)	62.59 (22.01)	0.429	63.83 (19.67)	0.135
HFS-W
Median (IQR)	11 (3–20)	7 (2–16)	0.086	8 (2–18)	0.024
PAID-SF
Median (IQR)	20 (10–35)	15 (5–30)	0.286	15 (5–30)	0.039
DMSRQ
Mean (SD)	32.96 (9.02)	36.62 (7.89)	<0.001	36.70 (8.85)	<0.001
PSQI item 1 (hours sleep per night)	6.75 (1.49)	6.67 (1.39)	0.318	6.66 (1.39)	0.292
PSQI item 2 (trouble sleeping)
Not at all	65 (41.90%)	46 (31.30%)	0.139	59 (41.80%)	0.382
Less than once a week	28 (18.10%)	39 (26.50%)		35 (24.80%)
Once or twice a week	29 (18.70%)	32 (21.80%)		23 (16.30%)
Three times or more a week	33 (21.30%)	30 (20.40%)		24 (17%)
PSQI item 3 (global sleep quality)
Very good	35 (22.30%)	36 (24.50%)	0.202	39 (27.50%)	0.091
Fairly good	90 (57.30%)	86 (58.50%)		78 (54.90%)
Pretty bad	24 (15.30%)	20 (13.60%)		21 (14.80%)
Very bad	8 (4.90%)	5 (3.40%)		4 (2.80%)
SDSCA
6 days or less	28 (18.70%)	20 (13.50%)	0.224	22 (15.60%)	0.531
7 days	122 (81.30%)	128 (86.50%)		119 (84.40%)

*Scores based on the original (non-imputed) data. P values based on imputed data for WHO-5, HFS-W, PAID-SF, and DMSRQ. For dichotomous or categorical variables, the absolute numbers by subgroups and the valid percentages relative to the study population without missing values for the regarding variables are displayed. For normally distributed variables, the mean and SD are shown. For skewed variables (PAID-SF and HFS-W), the median and the 25th and 75th percentiles are shown.

DMSRQ, Diabetes Medication System Rating Questionnaire; HFS-W, worry subscale of the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey; PAID-SF, short form of the Dutch version of the Problem Areas In Diabetes Scale; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; SDSCA, Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities; WHO-5, WHO-5 Well-Being Index.