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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Psychiatry. 2018 Aug 2;175(10):970–978. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.17101112

Table 2. Hazard Ratios and Incidence Rates of the Primary Outcomes for Treatment Periods Compared With Nontreatment Periods for the Same Persona.

Medication and Outcome Hazard Ratio 95% CI p Number of Events Incidence (Per 1,000 Person-Years)
Acamprosate
    Suicidal behavior 1.02 0.85, 1.22   0.826     3,940     48.5
    Accidental overdoses 0.94 0.83, 1.06   0.290   11,010   135.5
    Any arrest 0.98 0.88, 1.10   0.750   15,486   190.5
    Arrests for violent crime 0.84 0.61, 1.15   0.278     2,609     32.1
Naltrexone
    Suicidal behavior 0.87 0.73, 1.03   0.094   3,425     99.8
    Accidental overdoses 0.82 0.70, 0.96   0.011   6,724   195.9
    Any arrest 0.91 0.80, 1.05   0.202   9,182   267.5
    Arrests for violent crime 0.85 0.59, 1.21   0.365   1,529     44.5
Buprenorphine
    Suicidal behavior 0.60 0.29, 1.23   0.161     829     45.3
    Accidental overdoses 0.75 0.60, 0.93   0.009   2,869   156.9
    Any arrest 0.77 0.72, 0.84 <0.001 25,834 1412.8
    Arrests for violent crime 0.65 0.50, 0.84   0.001   3,923   214.5
Methadone
    Suicidal behavior 0.60 0.40, 0.88   0.009     882     27.9
    Accidental overdoses 1.25 1.13, 1.38 <0.001   4,305   135.9
    Any arrest 0.87 0.83, 0.91 <0.001 24,866   785.2
    Arrests for violent crime 0.84 0.73, 0.96   0.013   3,787   119.6
a

The primary outcomes are suicidal behavior, accidental overdoses, overall arrests, and arrests for violent crime.