Table 1.
Baseline patient characteristics
| Characteristics | Total | Mild TBI | Moderate TBI | Severe TBI | Significance |
| Patients (n) | 154 (100%) | 69 (44.8%) | 24 (15.6%) | 61 (39.6%) | |
| Age (years) | 42.7±14.6 | 48.8±12.0 | 41.7±12.7 | 36.2±15.3 | <0.0001 |
| Sex | |||||
| Men | 90 (58.4%) | 31 (44.9%) | 13 (54.2%) | 46 (75.4%) | =0.002 |
| Women | 64 (41.6%) | 38 (55.1%) | 11 (45.8%) | 15 (24.6%) | |
| Education (years) | 14.8±3.3 | 14.9±3.6 | 14.9±3.3 | 14.6±3.1 | =0.895 |
| Traumatic event | |||||
| Motor vehicle accident | 116 (75.3%) | 56 (81.2%) | 17 (70.8%) | 43 (70.5%) | =0.048 |
| Fall | 21 (13.6%) | 8 (11.6%) | 1 (4.2%) | 12 (57.1%) | |
| Blow | 12 (7.8%) | 5 (7.2%) | 5 (20.8%) | 2 (3.3%) | |
| Blast | 4 (2.6%) | 0 | 1 (4.2%) | 3 (4.9%) | |
| Penetrating | 1 (0.6%) | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.6%) | |
| Time from trauma (years) | 4.6±5.8 | 4.4±5.9 | 5.0±5.8 | 4.6±5.7 | =0.923 |
| Symptoms | |||||
| Cognitive | 100 (86.2%) | 38 (74.5%) | 19 (90.5%) | 43 (97.7%) | =0.004 |
| Motor | 22 (19.0%) | 1 (4.8%) | 1 (4.8%) | 20 (45.5%) | <0.0001 |
| Sensory | 32 (27.6%) | 12 (23.5%) | 7 (33.3%) | 13 (29.5%) | =0.653 |
| Dizziness/vertigo | 17 (14.7%) | 14 (27.5%) | 2 (9.5%) | 1 (2.3%) | =0.002 |
| Tinnitus | 30 (25.9%) | 26 (51.0%) | 2 (9.5%) | 2 (4.5%) | <0.0001 |
| Headaches | 20 (17.2%) | 12 (23.5%) | 3 (14.3%) | 5 (11.4%) | =0.272 |
| HBO sessions | 52.0±9.9 | 49.4±10.1 | 49.0±10.3 | 56.1±8.2 | =0.0001 |
| HBO protocol (ATA) | |||||
| 1.5 | 106 (69.3%) | 46 (67.6%) | 18 (75.0%) | 42 (68.9%) | =0.795 |
| 2 | 47 (30.7%) | 22 (32.4%) | 6 (25.0%) | 19 (31.1%) | |
| Adverse events | 18 (12.0%) | 10 (15.2%) | 3 (12.5%) | 5 (8.3%) | =0.499 |
HBO, hyperbaric oxygen; TBI, traumatic brain injury.
Statisical significance (p<0.05) marked in bold.