Table 1.

Description of LEAF Content Areas

LEAF Subscale	Measures
Cognitive-Learning:
1. Comprehension and Conceptual Learning	Understanding, tracking, and comprehending new learning information and/or information in spoken or written form; getting the main idea of information
2. Factual Memory	Memorization and retention of facts and details, particularly in learning settings
Cognitive-EF:
3. Attention	Poor focus/attention; distractible
4. Processing Speed	Speed of completing work under concentration conditions; slow to start or finish tasks
5. Visual-Spatial Organization	Organization, messiness, visual-construction and visual-motor skills; attention to visual detail
6. Sustained Sequential Processing	Planning, following, and completing multistep sequences or directions
7. Working Memory	Overwhelmed by volume of information, can only do one thing at a time, forgets or loses track if required to remember something and engage in other mental activity simultaneously
8. Novel Problem-Solving	Difficulty independently learning or managing new, unfamiliar, or different material or situations.
Academic:
9. Mathematics Skills	Difficulty or dysfluency in mathematics; calculation weaknesses
10. Basic Reading Skills	Difficulty or dysfluency in reading, phonics, and word recognition
11. Written Expression Skills	Limited/impoverished written expression; errors in expressive writing; written expression is slow/effortful

Note. Content areas correspond to LEAF subscales sequentially, with five test items per subscale (e.g., Comprehension and Conceptual Learning = Items 1 – 5; Factual Memory = Items 6 – 10; Attention = Items 11 – 15, etc.). Higher scores on all LEAF subscales indicate greater problems.