MelanogenicsubstrateassaysincaveplanthoppersafterincubationinL-DOPA,L-DOPAandPTU,L-tyrosine,ordopamine. (A–C). Adult Hawaiian cave planthopper (A, B) and fifth instar Croatian (C) cave planthopper showing production of black pigment after incubation in L-DOPA. (D–F). Adult Hawaiian cave planthopper (D, E) and fifth instar Croatian cave planthopper (F) lacking black pigment after incubation in L-DOPA and the PO inhibitor PTU. (G–I). Adult Hawaiian cave planthopper (G, H) and fifth instar Croatian cave planthopper (I) showing no black pigment deposition after incubation in L-tyrosine. (J–L). Adult Hawaiian cave planthopper (J, K) and fifth instar Croatian (L) cave planthopper showing production of black pigment after incubation in dopamine. (B, E, H, K). Wings of Hawaiian cave planthoppers dissected from the bodies after completion of the assays.