Table 2. Ratio of means meta-analysis of the efficacy of placebo group.
| Author (year) | No. of samples | Ratio of mean (95% CI)a | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PSA | PV | PVR | IPSS | voiding IPSS | Qmax | ||
| Gormley (1992) | 300 | 0.98 (0.89, 1.08) | 0.90 (0.81, 0.99) | 0.88 (0.80, 0.97) | 1.02 (0.96, 1.08) | ||
| Kirby (1992) | 10 | 0.80 (0.39, 1.64) | 0.96 (0.49, 1.87) | 0.52 (0.16, 1.64) | 0.81 (0.48, 1.39) | 0.90 (0.54, 1.51) | |
| Tempany (1993) | 8 | 1.01 (0.63, 1.62) | |||||
| Tammela (1993) | 17 | 1.10 (0.64, 1.88) | 1.12 (0.90, 1.41) | ||||
| Andersen (1995) | 197 | 1.28 (1.04, 1.56) | 1.02 (0.93, 1.11) | 0.98 (0.90, 1.06) | 0.97 (0.93, 1.02) | ||
| Tammela (1995) | 15 | 0.96 (0.72, 1.27) | 1.19 (0.63, 2.24) | 1.11 (0.87, 1.42) | |||
| Yu (1995) | 22 | 0.89 (0.51, 1.58) | 1.06 (0.83, 1.37) | 0.86 (0.73, 1.01) | 1.01 (0.80, 1.29) | ||
| Habib (1997) | 1.26 (0.77, 2.05) | ||||||
| Lepor (1998) | 258 | 1.01 (0.94, 1.09) | 0.84 (0.79, 0.89) | 1.13 (1.08, 1.20) | |||
| Marberger (1998) | 800 | 1.04 (0.99, 1.09) | |||||
| Pannek (1998) | 10 | 0.73 (0.28, 1.88) | 0.97 (0.69, 1.37) | ||||
| Abrams (1999) | 0.82 (0.69, 0.96) | 0.99 (0.88, 1.11) | |||||
| Lukkarinen (1999) | 31 | 0.92 (0.76, 1.10) | 0.84 (0.67, 1.06) | ||||
| Feneley (2000) | 9 | 0.82 (0.52, 1.31) | 1.23 (0.85, 1.77) | ||||
| Isotalo (2001) | 19 | 0.66 (0.53, 0.81) | 0.91 (0.75, 1.11) | 1.09 (0.76, 1.56) | |||
| Haggstrom (2002) | 1.02 (0.86, 1.21) | ||||||
| Kirby (2003) | 1.12 (0.96, 1.29) | 0.69 (0.63, 0.74) | 1.12 (1.06, 1.18) | ||||
| McConnell (2003) | 0.76 (0.73, 0.80) | 1.13 (1.10, 1.16) | |||||
| Roehrborn (2004) | 0.89 (0.84, 0.95) | 0.97 (0.94, 1.00) | |||||
| Crawford (2006) | 1.13 (1.11, 1.16) | ||||||
| Kaplan (2008) | 249 | 1.34 (1.22, 1.46) | |||||
| Kaplan (2008)a | 214 | 1.12 (1.04, 1.21) | |||||
| Kaplan (2008)b | 112 | 1.20 (1.08, 1.32) | |||||
| Kaplan (2008)c | 161 | 1.21 (1.16, 1.27) | |||||
| Tsukamoto (2009) | 70 | 0.81 (0.69, 0.95) | 0.73 (0.62, 0.85) | 1.12 (0.99, 1.27) | |||
| Qian (2015) | 42 | 0.81 (0.77, 0.86) | 0.60 (0.57, 0.63) | 0.06 (0.05, 0.07) | 0.36 (0.32, 0.41) | 2.79 (2.36, 3.30) | |
| Overall | 0.90 (0.81, 1.00) | 1.00 (0.88, 1.14) | 0.44 (0.06, 3.22) | 0.77 (0.68, 0.88) | 0.93 (0.84, 1.03) | 1.13 (1.06, 1.20) | |
| p = 0.056 | p = 0.97 | p = 0.42 | p<0.001 | p = 0.159 | p<0.001 | ||
| Heterogeneity—I2 (%) | 73.3 (47.8, 86.3) | 96.3 (95.1, 97.1) | 98.5 (97.6, 99.0) | 96.7 (95.4, 97.6) | 61.9 (0.0, 91.2) | 91.3 (87.5, 93.9) | |
| p-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.105 | <0.001 | |
CI, confidence interval; PSA, prostate specific antigen; PV, prostate volume; PVR, post voided residual volume; IPSS, International Prostate Symptom Score; Qmax, maximal urinary flow rate.
a The process of meta-analysis with paired difference data: estimates using the Hegde's corrected standardized mean difference assuming the random-effect model