Table 1. Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients on antiretroviral therapy with and without hypertension at ART initiation in Right to Care clinics in South Africa (n = 77,696).
| Characteristic | Unit | Hypertension at ART initiation (N = 17,126); n (%) or median (IQRβ) |
Pre-hypertension at ART initiation (N = 15,009); n (%) or median (IQRβ) |
No hypertension at ART initiation (N = 45,561); n (%) or median (IQRβ) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | median (IQR) | 139 (125–150) | 122 (113–130) | 110 (101–120) |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | median (IQR) | 90 (80–97) | 82 (77–86) | 70 (64–76) |
| Gender | female | 10,079 (58.9%) | 9,116 (60.7%) | 28,024 (61.5%) |
| Age at ART* initiation (years) | median (IQR) | 41 (34–48) | 37 (32–44) | 35 (30–42) |
| 18–24 | 453 (2.6%) | 668 (4.5%) | 3,176 (7.0%) | |
| 25–29 | 1,565 (9.1%) | 2,059 (13.7%) | 7,843 (17.2%) | |
| 30–39 | 6,200 (36.2%) | 6,721 (44.8%) | 20,589 (45.2%) | |
| 40–49 | 5,428 (31.7%) | 3,961 (26.4%) | 10,235 (22.5%) | |
| 50+ | 3,480 (20.3%) | 1,600 (10.7%) | 3,718 (8.2%) | |
| CD4 count at ART* initiation (cells/mm3) | median (IQR) | 144 (66–225) | 127 (54–204) | 115 (45–196) |
| 0–49 | 2,746 (16.0%) | 2,909 (19.4%) | 10,173 (22.3%) | |
| 50–99 | 2,276 (13.3%) | 2,101 (14.0%) | 6,694 (14.7%) | |
| 100–199 | 4,600 (26.9%) | 4,127 (27.5%) | 11,874 (26.1%) | |
| 200–349 | 3,255 (19.0%) | 2,386 (15.9%) | 6,837 (15.0%) | |
| 350+ | 1,084 (6.3%) | 830 (5.5%) | 2,202 (4.8%) | |
| missing | 3,165 (18.5%) | 2,656 (17.7%) | 7,781 (17.1%) | |
| WHO€ stage at ART* initiation | I/II | 7,267 (42.4%) | 5,582 (37.2%) | 15,406 (33.8%) |
| III/IV | 4,005 (23.4%) | 4,218 (28.1%) | 14,804 (32.5%) | |
| missing | 5,854 (34.2%) | 5,209 (34.7%) | 15,351 (33.7%) | |
| Hemoglobin at ART* initiation (g/dL) | median (IQR) | 12.2 (10.6–13.6) | 11.9 (10.3–13.3) | 11.4 (9.8–12.9) |
| <10 | 2,456 (14.3%) | 2,673 (17.8%) | 10,480 (23.0%) | |
| ≥10 | 12,091 (70.6%) | 9,962 (66.4%) | 27,580 (60.5%) | |
| missing | 2,579 (15.1%) | 2,374 (15.8%) | 7,501 (16.5%) | |
| Creatinine clearance (mL/min/1.73m2) | median (IQR) | 119.1 (100.1–132.2) | 123.5 (105.7–135.4) | 126.2 (109.2–137.9) |
| <60 | 391 (2.3%) | 182 (1.2%) | 606 (1.3%) | |
| 60–89 | 978 (5.7%) | 650 (4.3%) | 1,602 (3.5%) | |
| ≥90 | 6,957 (40.6%) | 6,064 (40.4%) | 17,806 (39.1%) | |
| missing | 8,800 (51.4%) | 8,113 (54.1%) | 25,547 (56.1%) | |
| Body mass Index at ART* initiation (kg/m2) | median (IQR) | 23.7 (20.7–27.8) | 22.7 (19.9–26.2) | 21.4 (19.1–24.5) |
| <18 | 940 (5.5%) | 1,154 (7.7%) | 5,395 (11.8%) | |
| 18–24.9 | 6,765 (39.5%) | 6,561 (43.7%) | 21,333 (46.8%) | |
| 25–29.9 | 3,106 (18.1%) | 2,372 (15.8%) | 5,380 (11.8%) | |
| 30–34.9 | 1,379 (8.1%) | 924 (6.2%) | 1,634 (3.6%) | |
| >35 | 787 (4.6%) | 379 (2.5%) | 675 (1.5%) | |
| missing | 4,149 (24.2%) | 3,619 (24.1%) | 11,144 (24.5%) | |
| Tuberculosis at ART* initiation | yes | 1,384 (8.1%) | 1,575 (10.5%) | 5,727 (12.6%) |
| Non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase Inhibitor | efavirenz | 15,817 (92.4%) | 13,769 (91.7%) | 41,158 (90.3%) |
| nevirapine | 1,152 (6.7%) | 1,105 (7.4%) | 3,832 (8.4%) | |
| missing | 157 (0.9%) | 135 (0.9%) | 571 (1.3%) | |
| Nucleoside reverse transcriptase Inhibitor | zidovudine | 852 (5.0%) | 609 (4.1%) | 1,616 (3.5%) |
| stavudine | 8,162 (47.7%) | 7,570 (50.4%) | 24,006 (52.7%) | |
| tenofovir | 8,112 (47.4%) | 6,830 (45.5%) | 19,939 (43.8%) | |
| Time on ART* (months) | median (IQR) | 24.8 (9.2–49.7) | 23.9 (9.0–49.3) | 21.6 (7.4–47.5) |
| Vital status at end of follow-up period | died | 1,480 (8.6%) | 1,276 (8.5%) | 5,047 (11.1%) |
| loss to follow-up | 3,578 (20.9%) | 3,449 (23.0%) | 11,471 (25.2%) | |
| transferred out | 3,959 (23.1%) | 3,609 (24.0%) | 10,838 (23.8%) | |
| alive | 8,109 (47.3%) | 6,675 (44.5%) | 18,205 (40.0%) |
*ART = antiretroviral therapy;
€WHO = World Health Organization;
βIQR = interquartile range.