Table 2. Predictors of prevalent hypertension in patients on ART (n = 77,696).
| Variable | Number with baseline hypertension (%) | Unadjusted Risk Ratio (95% CI¥) | Adjusted Risk Ratio (95% CI¥) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | |||
| 18–24 | 453 (10.5%) | 0.57 (0.52–0.62) | 0.60 (0.52–0.69) |
| 25–29 | 1,565 (13.6%) | 0.74 (0.70–0.78) | 0.73 (0.68–0.79) |
| 30–39 | 6,200 (18.5%) | Reference | Reference |
| 40–49 | 5,428 (27.7%) | 1.49 (1.45–1.54) | 1.49 (1.42–1.56) |
| 50+ | 3,480 (39.6%) | 2.14 (2.07–2.21) | 2.00 (1.91–2.11) |
| Gender | |||
| Female | 10,079 (21.3%) | Reference | Reference |
| Male | 7,047 (23.1%) | 1.08 (1.05–1.11) | 1.13 (1.08–1.18) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) at ART* initiation | |||
| <18 | 940 (12.6%) | 0.64 (0.60–0.69) | 0.72 (0.67–0.78) |
| 18–24.9 | 6,765 (19.5%) | Reference | Reference |
| 25–29.9 | 3,106 (28.6%) | 1.47 (1.41–1.52) | 1.39 (1.32–1.45) |
| 30–34.9 | 1,379 (35.0%) | 1.79 (1.71–1.88) | 1.70 (1.60–1.81) |
| ≥35 | 787 (42.7%) | 2.19 (2.07–2.32) | 1.96 (1.83–2.10) |
| WHO€ stage | |||
| I/II | 7,267 (25.7%) | Reference | Reference |
| III/IV | 4,005 (17.4%) | 0.68 (0.65–0.70) | 0.84 (0.80–0.87) |
| CD4 count at ART* initiation (cells/μl) | |||
| 0–49 | 2,746 (17.3%) | 0.66 (0.62–0.70) | 0.93 (0.85–1.01) |
| 50–99 | 2,276 (20.6%) | 0.78 (0.73–0.83) | 0.99 (0.91–1.08) |
| 100–199 | 4,600 (22.3%) | 0.85 (0.80–0.90) | 1.01 (0.94–1.10) |
| 200–349 | 3,255 (26.1%) | 0.99 (0.93–1.05) | 1.08 (1.00–1.18) |
| 350+ | 1,084 (26.3%) | Reference | Reference |
| Hemoglobin at ART* initiation (g/dL) | |||
| > = 10 | 12,091 (24.4%) | Reference | Reference |
| <10 | 2,456 (15.7%) | 0.65 (0.62–0.67) | 0.79 (0.75–0.84) |
*ART = antiretroviral therapy;
€WHO = World Health Organization;
¥CI = confidence interval. All variables in the adjusted model are displayed in the table.