Table 3. Linear regression analysis on systolic and diastolic blood pressure showing both normal and standardrized parameter estimates of predictors (n = 60,570).
| Variable | Parameter estimates | Standardized parameter estimates | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted Unstandardized β estimate (95% CI¥) |
Adjusted unstandardized β estimate (95% CI¥) |
Unadjusted standardized β estimate (95% CI¥) |
Adjusted standardized β estimate (95% CI¥) |
||
| Systolic blood pressure | |||||
| Age (per 1 year increase) | -0.021 (-0.037, -0.007) | -0.064 (-0.088, -0.039) | -0.012 (-0.020, -0.004) | -0.034 (-0.47, -0.021) | |
| Gender | Female | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Male | 1.483 (1.210, 1.756) | 2.208 (1.764, 2.652) | 0.043 (0.035, 0.051) | 0.065 (0.052, 0.078) | |
| Body mass index (per kg/m2 increase) | .054 (0.043, 0.065) | 0.216 (0.175, 0.257) | 0.044 (0.035, 0.053) | 0.175 (0.142, 0.208) | |
| Pre-hypertension at ART* initiation | No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 4.291 (3.98, 4.598) | 3.167 (2.684, 3.651) | 0.111 (0.103, 0.119) | 0.082 (0.070, 0.095) | |
| NNRTIα | efavirenz | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| nevirapine | -0.183 (-0.668, 0.303) | 0.182 (-0.621, 0.984) | -0.003 (-0.011, 0.005) | 0.003 (-0.010, 0.016) | |
| NRTIΩ | tenofovir | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| zidovudine | -1.361 (-2.083, -0.638) | -2.304 (-3.532, -1.076) | -0.015 (-0.024, -0.007) | -0.026 (-0.040, -0.012) | |
| stavudine | -2.959 (-3.230, -2.688) | -2.506 (-2.947, -2.065) | -0.089 (-0.097, -0.081) | -0.075 (-0.089, -0.062) | |
| CD4 count (per 100 cells/μl) | 0.006 (-0.002, 0.013) | -0.0002 (-0.011, 0.0107) | 0.007 (-0.002, 0.016) | -0.0002 (-0.013, 0.013) | |
| WHO€ stage | I/II | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| III/IV | -2.914 (-3.244, -2.584) | -1.891 (-2.320, -1.463) | -0.088 (-0.097, -0.078) | -0.057 (-0.070, -0.044) | |
| Hemoglobin (per 1 g/dL increase) | 0.061 (0.044, 0.079) | 0.025 (-0.0001, 0.049) | 0.031 (0.022, 0.040) | 0.013 (-0.0001, 0.025) | |
| Diastolic blood pressure | |||||
| Age (per 1 year increase) | 0.487 (0.463, 0.511) | 0.447 (0.407, 0.487) | 0.161 (0.153, 0.169) | 0.148 (0.135, 0.161) | |
| Gender | Female | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Male | 2.265 (1.821, 2.708) | 2.168 (1.444, 2.892) | 0.041 (0.033, 0.049) | 0.039 (0.026, 0.052) | |
| Body mass index (per kg/m2 increase) | 0.073 (0.055, 0.092) | 0.503 (0.436, 0.571) | 0.037 (0.027, 0.046) | 0.251 (0.218, 0.285) | |
| Pre-hypertension at ART* initiation | No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 14.238 (13.749, 14.726) | 13.088 (12.299, 13.876) | 0.227 (0.220, 0.235) | 0.209 (0.196, 0.222) | |
| NNRTIα | efavirenz | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| nevirapine | -0.229 (-1.018, 0.560) | 1.588 (0.278, 2.897) | -0.002 (-0.010, 0.006) | 0.016 (0.003, 0.029) | |
| NRTIΩ | tenofovir | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| zidovudine | 5.477 (4.303, 6.650) | 6.597 (4.593, 8.601) | 0.038 (0.030, 0.046) | 0.046 (0.032, 0.060) | |
| stavudine | 4.964 (4.524, 5.404) | 7.752 (7.033, 8.471) | 0.092 (0.084, 0.100) | 0.143 (0.130, 0.157) | |
| CD4 count (per 100 cells/μl) | 0.009 (-0.021, 0.003) | 0.014 (-0.004, 0.032) | 0.007 (-0.002, 0.016) | 0.010 (-0.003, 0.024) | |
| WHO€ stage | I/II | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| III/IV | -2.404 (-2.951, -1.857) | -0.870 (-1.569, -0.170) | -0.044 (-0.055, -0.034) | -0.016 (-0.029, -0.003) | |
| Hemoglobin (per 1 g/dL increase) | 0.055 (0.027, 0.083) | 0.012 (-0.028, 0.052) | 0.017 (0.008, 0.026) | 0.004 (-0.009, 0.016) | |
*ART = antiretroviral therapy;
€WHO = World Health Organization;
¥CI = confidence interval;
αNNRTI = Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor;
ΩNRTI = Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. All predictors are measured at ART initiation. Model adjusted for gender, body mass index, age, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, WHO stage, CD4 count at ART initiation, hemoglobin levels at ART initiation.