Table 1. Comparison of the socio-demographic, haematological and biochemical characteristics of CKD patients and controls.
| Characteristics | CKD patients | Controls | Total | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | ||||
| Mean (±SD) | 52.7 (±14.3) | 40.4 (±12.6) | 48.3 (±14.9) | <0.0001 |
| <25 | 6 (2.3) | 18 (12.8) | 24 (6.0) | <0.0001 |
| 25–34 | 22 (8.5) | 34 (24.1) | 56 (10.0) | |
| 35–44 | 43 (16.7) | 43 (30.5) | 86 (21.6) | |
| 45–54 | 65 (25.2) | 23(16.3) | 88 (22.1) | |
| 55–64 | 69 (26.7) | 16 (11.4) | 85 (21.3) | |
| ≥ 65 | 53 (20.5) | 7 (5.0) | 60 (15.0) | |
| Gender, n (%) | ||||
| Male | 134 (51.9) | 59 (41.8) | 193 (48.4) | 0.054 |
| Female | 124 (48.1) | 82 (58.2) | 206 (51.6) | |
| Stage of CKD | ||||
| stage1/normal | 23 (8.9) | 97 (68.8) | 120 (30.1) | <0.001 |
| stage 2 | 34 (13.2) | 43 (30.5) | 77 (19.3) | |
| stage 3a | 32 (12.4) | 1 (0.71) | 33 (8.3) | |
| stage 3b | 52 (20.2) | 0 (0.0) | 52 (13.0) | |
| stage 4 | 59 (22.9) | 0 (0.0) | 59 (14.8) | |
| stage 5 | 58 (22.5) | 0 (0.0) | 58 (14.5) | |
| Systolic Blood pressure (mmHg) | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 143.6 (± 22.8) | 135.2 (± 11.3) | 140.6 (± 19.9) | <0.0001 |
| Diastolic Blood pressure (mmHg) | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 81.8 (± 15.55) | 82.2 (± 10.4) | 82.0 (± 13.9) | 0.78 |
| Haemoglobin, Hb (g/dl) | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 12.2 (±2.7) | 14.1 (±1.8) | 12.9 (±2.6) | <0.0001 |
| Reticulocyte Hb | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 29.33(27.66–31.22) | 30.2(28.6–31.2) | 29.88(27.88–31.22) | 0. 0.0256 |
| Hypochromic red cells | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 7.7(3.1–14.2) | 3.8 (1.9–5.9) | 5.3 (2.3–12.3) | <0.0001 |
| #MCHC | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 32.4 (± 1.9) | 32.6 (± 1.3) | 32.4 (± 1.9) | 0.307 |
| MCV | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 87.8 (± 6.3) | 88.2 (± 5.2) | 87.9 (± 5.9) | 0.4788 |
| Serum Ferritin | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 103 (58–197) | 76.0 (56–144) | 92 (56–177) | 0.0015 |
| ^TSAT | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 18 (13–22) | 20 (16–24) | 18 (14–23) | 0.0021 |
| eGFR(ml/min) | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 41.2 (±35.0) | 99.6 (±18.7) | 61.8(±41.2) | <0.0001 |
^TSAT: Transferrin saturation; eGFR: estimated Glomerular filtration rate;
#MCHC: Mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration;
MCV: Mean corpuscular volume; IQR: Inter-quartile range