Table 4.
Effect of drying methods on sum of fatty acids and oil oxidation of hazelnut
| Parameter | M | Cv | Sign. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tombul | Palaz | Ordu Levant | Cv | M | Cv × M | ||
| ∑SFA (%) | CG | 6.32 ± 0.01e | 6.92 ± 0.00a | 6.35 ± 0.01d | |||
| GG | 5.87 ± 0.01k | 6.09 ± 0.01j | 6.24 ± 0.01f | *** | *** | *** | |
| DM1 | 6.22 ± 0.01g | 6.52 ± 0.00b | 6.19 ± 0.01h | ||||
| DM2 | 6.09 ± 0.01j | 6.45 ± 0.01c | 6.14 ± 0.01ı | ||||
| ∑MUFA (%) | CG | 84.48 ± 0.01d | 81.58 ± 0.01ı | 84.36 ± 0.03e | |||
| GG | 84.12 ± 0.001f | 83.01 ± 0.00h | 84.35 ± 0.01e | *** | *** | *** | |
| DM1 | 84.49 ± 0.01d | 83.02 ± 0.01h | 84.70 ± 0.00c | ||||
| DM2 | 84.80 ± 0.02a | 83.07 ± 0.02g | 84.75 ± 0.02b | ||||
| ∑PUFA (%) | CG | 9.53 ± 0.01ı | 11.42 ± 0.02a | 10.46 ± 0.01c | |||
| GG | 10.07 ± 0.00h | 10.93 ± 0.00b | 10.37 ± 0.00e | *** | *** | *** | |
| DM1 | 9.35 ± 0.03j | 10.45 ± 0.01c | 10.24 ± 0.01f | ||||
| DM2 | 9.34 ± 0.02j | 10.40 ± 0.01d | 10.15 ± 0.03g | ||||
| ∑(MUFA + PUFA)/SFA | CG | 14.87 ± 0.02h | 13.44 ± 0.02k | 14.94 ± 0.02g | |||
| GG | 16.05 ± 0.03a | 15.42 ± 0.02c | 15.18 ± 0.02e | *** | *** | *** | |
| DM1 | 15.09 ± 0.02f | 14.34 ± 0.00j | 15.35 ± 0.03d | ||||
| DM2 | 15.45 ± 0.03b | 14.50 ± 0.01ı | 15.46 ± 0.02b | ||||
| O/L | CG | 8.93 ± 0.01c | 7.19 ± 0.01k | 8.13 ± 0.01g | |||
| GG | 8.43 ± 0.00d | 7.65 ± 0.00j | 8.20 ± 0.01f | *** | *** | *** | |
| DM1 | 9.13 ± 0.03b | 8.00 ± 0.00ı | 8.35 ± 0.01e | ||||
| DM2 | 9.18 ± 0.01a | 8.04 ± 0.00h | 8.42 ± 0.03d | ||||
| IV | CG | 93.29 ± 0.01j | 94.15 ± 0.03f | 94.91 ± 0.03a | |||
| GG | 93.96 ± 0.00g | 94.52 ± 0.00e | 94.74 ± 0.01c | *** | *** | *** | |
| DM1 | 92.96 ± 0.05l | 93.65 ± 0.01h | 94.80 ± 0.00b | ||||
| DM2 | 93.22 ± 0.04k | 93.60 ± 0.03ı | 94.69 ± 0.01d | ||||
| FFA | |||||||
| (%, oleic acid) | CG | 0.26 ± 0.00b | 0.10 ± 0.00g | 0.05 ± 0.00h | |||
| GG | 0.29 ± 0.01a | 0.13 ± 0.00e | 0.05 ± 0.01h | *** | *** | *** | |
| DM1 | 0.17 ± 0.00d | 0.10 ± 0.01g | 0.04 ± 0.00ı | ||||
| DM2 | 0.25 ± 0.00c | 0.12 ± 0.01f | 0.04 ± 0.00ı | ||||
| RV (h) | CG | 5.75 ± 0.01e | 5.92 ± 0.01c | 5.06 ± 0.02h | |||
| GG | 5.30 ± 0.00g | 5.90 ± 0.00c | 4.46 ± 0.01ı | *** | *** | *** | |
| DM1 | 5.90 ± 0.01c | 6.05 ± 0.00a | 5.45 ± 0.03f | ||||
| DM2 | 5.78 ± 0.01d | 5.99 ± 0.02b | 5.28 ± 0.04g | ||||
| PV ( meq O2 kg−1) | CG | 0.06 ± 0.00f | 0.23 ± 0.00d | 0.31 ± 0.01b | |||
| GG | 0.00 ± 0.00g | 0.08 ± 0.00e | 0.34 ± 0.01a | *** | *** | *** | |
| DM1 | 0.00 ± 0.00g | 0.07 ± 0.00ef | 0.27 ± 0.02c | ||||
| DM2 | 0.00 ± 0.00g | 0.08 ± 0.00e | 0.27 ± 0.02c | ||||
Cv cultivar, M drying, CG concrete ground, GG grass ground and DM1 and DM2 drying machine (45 °C and 50 °C, respectively). Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Different letters in columns for each different drying. Significant level; *, **, *** and “ns” mean significance at p < 0.05, 0.01, 0.001 and “not significant”, respectively, among drying methods