. 2018 Oct 3;8:14743. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-33040-7

Table 3.

Mean values of tomato quality parameters including total soluble solids (TSS), soluble sugar (SS), titratable acids (TA), vitamin C (VC), color index (CI), and sugar/acid content ratio (SS/TA) for different saline water irrigation treatments and biochar amendments during the 2014 and 2015 growing seasons.

Irrigation regime	Biochar treatment	TSS (Brix %)		VC (mg 100 g⁻¹)		TA (g 100 g⁻¹)		SS (g 100 g⁻¹)		SS/TA		CI
Irrigation regime	Biochar treatment	2014	2015	2014	2015	2014	2015	2014	2015	2014	2015	2014	2015
I₀	B₁	4.0^cC	5.0^cC	4.5^cC	4.7^cD	0.35^cC	0.33^cC	1.14^cC	1.12^cD	3.3^aA	3.5^aA	1.9^aA	1.96^aA
	B₂	5.0^cB	5.3^cB	4.7^cC	5.0^cC	0.36^cB	0.37^cB	1.16^cB	1.18^cC	3.2^aB	3.2^aB	1.91^aA	1.97^aA
	B₃	5.5^cA	5.5^cA	4.9^cB	5.2^cB	0.39^cA	0.40^cA	1.20^cA	1.20^cB	3.0^aC	3.0^aC	1.93^aA	1.97^aA
	B₄	5.5^cA	5.7^cA	5.3^cA	5.5^cA	0.40^cA	0.41^cA	1.20^cA	1.24^cA	3.0^aC	3.0^aC	1.95^aA	1.99^aA
I₁	B₁	5.5^bC	6.0^bA	4.9^bC	5.3^bD	0.37^bD	0.39^bD	1.19^bC	1.28^bD	3.2^cA	3.3^cA	1.86^bA	1.94^bA
	B₂	5.8^bB	6.0^bA	5.1^bB	5.5^bC	0.41^bC	0.45^bC	1.24^bB	1.29^bC	3.0^cB	2.9^cA	1.88^bA	1.95^bA
	B₃	6.2^bA	6.2^bA	5.2^bB	5.7^bB	0.44^bB	0.47^bB	1.31^bA	1.31^bB	3.0^cB	2.8^cB	1.89^bA	1.97^bA
	B₄	6.3^bA	6.0^bA	5.6^bA	5.9^bA	0.46^bA	0.481^bA	1.31^bA	1.34^bA	2.9^cC	2.8^cB	1.90^bA	1.98^bA
I₂	B₁	6.7^aB	6.7^aB	5.7^aC	6.1^aC	0.41^aC	0.42^aC	1.33^aC	1.38^aC	3.2^bA	3.3^bA	1.85^cA	1.90^cA
	B₂	6.7^aB	6.8^aB	6.1^aB	6.2^aC	0.45^aB	0.46^aB	1.38^aB	1.42^aB	3.1^bB	3.1^bB	1.85^cA	1.90^cA
	B₃	7.0^aA	7.0^aA	6.4^aB	6.7^aB	0.50^aA	0.51^aA	1.39^aB	1.42^aB	2.8^bC	2.8^bC	1.86^cA	1.91^cA
	B₄	7.3^aA	7.0^aA	6.8^aA	6.9^aA	0.50^aA	0.52^aA	1.43^aA	1.46^aA	3.1^bB	2.8^cB	1.88^cA	1.93^cA
Biochar		*	ns	**	**	***	***	*	*	*	***	ns	ns
Salinity		***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	*	*	ns	ns
Interaction		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	*	ns	ns

Note: In each column, different uppercase and lowercase letters indicate a significant difference among the biochar application rates and irrigation salinity levels, respectively, at P < 0.05 (Least significant difference, LSD); Analysis of variance (ANOVA): ns, not significant; *, **, and ***, denote significance at P ≤ 0.05, P ≤ 0.01, and P ≤ 0.001, respectively. B₁, B₂, B₃ and B₄ represent mixtures of soil with 0%, 2%, 4% and 8% of biochar by mass. I₀, I₁ and I₂ represent irrigation water salinity of tap water, 1 and 3 dS m⁻¹.