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. 2018 Oct 3;8:14780. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-33126-2

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Double immunostaining of human testis sections. (A) Representative photomicrograph of immunofluorescence labeling for CD34 (green) and CD31 (red) with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI; blue) counterstain for nuclei. The CD34-positive interstitial cells surrounding the seminiferous tubules (ST) and forming a reticular network in the intertubular stromal tissue lack CD31 immunoreactivity. The endothelial cells lining the lumen of microvessels (arrows) are CD34-positive/CD31-positive. (B) Representative photomicrograph of immunofluorescence labeling for CD34 (green) and c-kit/CD117 (red) with DAPI (blue) counterstain for nuclei. The CD34-positive interstitial cells distributed in the peritubular and intertubular stroma are immunophenotypically negative for c-kit/CD117. Immunoreactivity for c-kit/CD117 is detected in oval/round-shaped cells, presumably Leydig cells and/or mast cells, surrounded by the network of CD34-positive interstitial cells. A higher magnification of a c-kit/CD117-positive cell embraced by the cytoplasmic processes of CD34-positive interstitial cells is depicted in the inset. Scale bar: 50 µm (A,B).